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New paper out with Eliana Fattorini, Massimiano Bucchi, and Enzo Loner. “Weapon and poison? Framing disinformation in European Commission speeches, 2016–2024” We analyse how disinformation is framed in 238 speeches by European Commission in the last 10 years.

Speakers often use a self-absolving and fatalistic narrative. Disinformation is portrayed as a “weapon” or “poison”, driven by hostile states, bad actors, and digital platforms, and citizens as vulnerable subjects who need protection.

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The framing matters because they shape policies: platform regulation, detection and takedown, and media-literacy “vaccines”. While these measures may be useful, we argue for a broader approach that also considers institutional accountability, media pluralism, and citizens’ participation and trust.