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Unlike other operators, SpaceX Starlink is using strictly proprietary Layer2/3 protocols from space to the terminal. Only IPv6 SLAAC is somewhat standard, while IPv4 sports (also proprietary) horrendous carrier grade NAT.

Why? Mostly to analyze and control users' traffic, much like what was the pre-Internet telco strategy. It may provide short term gains, but ultimately interoperability and standard protocols will prevail what comes to innovation.

Their approach reminds me of early 3G, where operators insisted on backhauling all traffic to aggregation points (for billing every last bit). Protocols like ATM were deployed (also to xDSL) to combat the evil Internet, and service innovation was pushed back up to a decade. Just to maintain control.