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Protests began last month to demand accountability for mismanagement in university exams but have grown into wider dissatisfaction with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government over unemployment and corruption.

Witnesses described security forces beating protesters who were trying to march peacefully to India’s parliament.

Human Rights Watch verified videos showing police using batons and tear gas against protesters, and documented allegations that many security personnel were present in civilian clothes or did not wear name tags, thwarting accountability for their actions.