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1) A new randomized trial in Long Covid patients tested Temelimab, a drug that targets a potentially pathogenic protein (HERV-W ENV) from endogenous retroviruses. Unfortunately, the results are pretty clear: Temelimab had no beneficial effect.

3) After activation, some HERV-W sequences produce an envelope protein ("ENV") that the immune system reacts badly to. Temelimab binds to this protein to make sure it no longer acts as a false alarm for the immune system.

4) There were a couple of Long Covid studies that reported increased HERV-W ENV in Long Covid patients. This trial therefore used this as an inclusion criterion in their trial. It focused only on LC patients who were positive for HERV-W ENV in their blood.

5) This was a large placebo-controlled and international trial: it recruited 203 patients from three European countries (Switzerland, Italy, and Spain) involving 14 centers. The primary outcome was the PROMIS Fatigue SF 7a scale.