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Seahorses and pipefish are perhaps the most famous dads of the sea. Mom does all the work producing healthy, fertile eggs, but when it comes to protecting and incubating the eggs, that's dad's job.

After a female Emperor penguin lays her egg, the father must protect the egg while she leaves to hunt. For four months, he must hold the egg between the tops of his feet and brooding pouch to keep it warm, enduring harsh temperatures and lack of food.

Clownfish dads do the heavy lifting. After fertilizing the eggs, the male guards and fans them for 6 to 10 days, keeping them oxygenated and clean. Even more wild, if the female dies, the dominant male can change sex and become the new female.

Orcas live in tight family pods led by moms, and sons stay for life. Males don’t raise their own calves, but they help teach and care for siblings, nieces, and nephews. In a way, every male orca becomes an important figure to the pod’s young.

Cardinalfish dads carry fertilized eggs in their mouths to protect them. They don’t eat while brooding, only releasing the eggs briefly to clean and oxygenate them. Some even shelter the babies after hatching until they outgrow dad’s mouth.

Male lumpsuckers build nests to show off their great parenting skills! Once a female selects his nest, she will lay up to 350,000 eggs and leave. Afterwards, the male fertilizes them and stands guard, protecting and oxygenating the clutch for 4 to 8 weeks until they hatch.

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