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In the paper, we used a mixed natural setting and experimental treatment approach. The natural setting had little effect, but then the results of the ruling was directly was directly communicated to respondents, this increased support for same-sex marriage.

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The survey was conducted from 48 hours before the ruling to 48 hours after the ruling, comparing the responses from respondents who answered before and after the survey. The result of the ruling was that the current ban on same-sex marriage was unconstitutional.

Since the publics attitudes moved in the same direction as the ruling, we interpreted this as supporting the so-called "legitimization" model that court decisions can help legitimize opinions on matters where public attitudes are split.

However, this effect can only be said to be weakly supported, as significant effects could only be seen among those respondents who were explicitly told of the result of the ruling. Still, it is meaningful in seeing how these rulings can influence Japanese attitudes.