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The process can get partly visualized, I think, see below.
This is a fascinating deep dive by Welch Labs into how LLMs "grok", meaning to move beyond just memorization to generalization after continue to train for long time while seemingly making to progress. Turns how waves, trigonometry and identity functions are everywhere. Highly recommended. #MLSky
The first step maps tokens to embeddings 1:1, and then from there they get passed into an attention layer. It's very reasonable to think of those embeddings, at least in early layers, as tokens. I'd have to dig up where I read it but early layers often do "token merging" so it gets fuzzy further in.