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"Science of learning" proponents often claim their proposals are more likely to be sound because they are grounded in the cognitive sciences. The truth is that they are committed to a very narrow set of cognitive theories, of which there are in fact many!

"Transfer" is the primary goal -- being able to take what you learn in one context and apply it in another. As I've said before, if this is the foundation of your theory, direct instruction, and "personalized" AI are natural pedagogical endpoints.

But we've come far since Piaget. Sociocultural theories of cognition recognize knowledge is tied to the body, as well as the social and physical environment. Learning emerges from interactions between the learner, tools, materials, others, and the culture (language, practices, norms) of the space.

Here "transfer" is the wrong metaphor entirely. We don't develop an abstraction in our minds that we carry around. Rather, we build concrete understanding, situated in the learned context and grounded in our bodies. This knowledge is "activated" when the conditions are right.