“Every student learns that correlation does not imply causation. Few learn the converse: absence of correlation does not imply absence of causation. Both mistakes are common in applied work, and understanding why reveals something fundamental about what causal inference requires.”
“Correlation does *not* imply causation” is not the last word—it’s only the beginning. Cesar Chavez tracks how modern economics has been approaching causality (and the causality fallacy… and its reverse): bit.ly/4cpiLsm