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correct i’ve been saying this for a couple months. RL is driving towards specialization my hunch is it’s temporary and something will shift again back towards generalization, but for now.. buckle up!

the most exciting specialization method, imo, is Cartridges basically take a gigantic context, and then *train* a KV cache this is wild, who even thinks to train a KV cache? but it works. incredible compression & recall hazyresearch.stanford.edu/blog/2025-06...

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yeah! fine tuning generally doesn’t capture knowledge very well, so this is like a very lightweight pre-training that doesn’t require any fine tuning

the neat part with Cartridges is you can do it with any off-the-shelf model with standard inference tooling (uh, needs to be open weights) it’s just stacking the KV cache, that’s already a supported feature in vLLM & sglang and you can still prefill on top, so it’s purely context extension

Cartridges are cool, but you need a good dataset right? Like, your training dataset needs to cover all of your latent space. You can write a prompt that is general for all animals, and then collapse it into a cartridge training on most of them, but if you left out emus would emu queries still work?