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Thomas-M. Stein
@tmsstein.com

"Additionally, we found no statistically significant differences in prevalence of dependence between non-smoker current vapers and non-vaper current smokers in either fixed or random effect model;".. "indicating that e-cigarettes are as addictive as cigarettes"... Kundu et al., 2025

Thomas-M. Stein@tmsstein.com

Evidence update on e-cigarette dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis Extensive review by Kundu et al., 2025 "... indicating that e-cigarettes are as addictive as cigarettes..." www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

sciencedirect.comEvidence update on e-cigarette dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysisWe conducted this review to examine the risk of e-cigarette dependence in different populations by updating the review on this topic by the National A…

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Charles A. Gardner, PhD
@chancethegardener.bsky.social

Cigarette dependence is both behavioral AND pharmacological, as the US Surgeon General pointed out back in 1988. Nicotine vapes replicate some of the behavioral factors... FYI: American Psychiatric Association dropped the word "addictive" over a decade ago because it causes stigma.