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In this new project, @boppenheim.bsky.social traces the ideological shifts Israel has undergone since its founding—challenging its liberal-democratic identity and its longstanding ideological affinity with Europe.

The project maps four Israeli Jewish ideological camps: the Liberal Zionists, Nationalists, Religious Nationalists and Ultra-Orthodox. The central argument is that, regardless of the result, the upcoming election will not reverse Israel’s illiberal turn. A few key findings:🧵👇

🔶The Religious Nationalists are capturing Israel’s institutions to remake the state in their image and push for a Greater Israel. Smotrich, Ben-Gvir and the settler right have embedded themselves in the media, security establishment and civil society.

🔶On many of the key questions, the Liberal Zionist opposition offers no meaningful alternative. Defined mainly by their rejection of Netanyahu, the camp attempts to counter ethnonationalist zeal with technocratic competence.