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“For those who still aspire to make the United States work toward John Foster Dulles’s goal of a ‘just and durable peace,’ the story of his high hopes and great disappointments, his vision and his blind spots, is best understood as a cautionary tale,” writes Beverly Gage.

foreignaffairs.comThe Strategist in the Gray Flannel SuitBeverly Gage, a prominent historian who specializes in twentieth-century U.S. politics and foreign policy, reviews the book “John Foster Dulles: Apostle of American Empire” by Bevan Sewell. Gage discu...

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John Foster Dulles wanted peace, but the Cold War taught America some hard lessons. You can't just outmuscle your enemies and expect everything to work out. The CIA and Washington need to think about what happens after the dust settles, not just how to win the next showdown.

Winning the showdown was never the hard part. Dulles moralized about a just peace while the covert machinery he built guaranteed the messy aftermath. Same reflex now: Washington manages Ukraine as a battlefield instead of defining what victory looks like.