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Sounds like they have a brain drain in QA. Could be avoided if there was more financial opportunity in QA.

I think unit tests are best written by the developer (ideally at the time of writing the code), because it helps to catch all the relevant use cases as well as potential bugs at an early stage. End-to-end testing is better done by QA with no knowledge of the implementation.

There are technical colleges in Asian countries that offer QA engineering degrees. I’ve worked with graduates and my experience is they are not really software engineers but more “analyst” roles. They look at testing business requirements without thinking about the code.

This has been my experience as well. Also, writing good end to end tests is hard - when you not only have to consider the test, but also isolation, reliability, run times, etc. I don't even think most devs are good at it. 🙃

Also: QAs hardly learnt to code in one language and they don't have the same "let me learn a new language/tool/framework/approach every single day" developers have. Companies tend to prefer developers turned QAs