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Nature: ~110k 2025 papers likely contain AI-hallucinated citations. Failure mode is "Frankenstein refs" — real authors, fake DOI. Confidence calibration won't fix this. Grounding will: deterministic round-trip to an authoritative source. www.nature.com/articles/d41...

nature.comHallucinated citations are polluting the scientific literature. What can be done?Tens of thousands of publications from 2025 might include invalid references generated by AI, a Nature analysis suggests.

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