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FWIW if you're hoping to get images shown in Google Images & as previews in Discover, etc - JPEG-XL is currently not supported: developers.google.com/search/docs/...

Interesting to see a number of .jxl files indexed in Google Images. Running a filetype query for jxl yields those images, but also mixes in other formats. But you can see .jxl files indexed there. So works sometimes, but just not officially supported?

Image CDNs often auto convert to a supported format without changing the file extension. It’s confusing, which presumably is why Search docs advise to give the correct file extension where possible.

Good to know! But people should provide fallbacks anyway since it’s newly supported in Chrome and Firefox. I presume Search would similarly handle that in <picture> and via Accept-Encoding? Also presume Search will consider this now it’s become Baseline newly available!

The picture element includes an img element, so that would work for any search engine (or other page parsing setup). I have not heard of any problems with people doing this kind of progressive enhancement (I think it's "progressive enhancement" here too, right?).