In case anyone's interested, this is the process I'm using to generate normals for the painterly portfolio project I'm working on. This is in Substance Painter, but you could also do it in Photoshop or 3D Coat
I convert them to tangent space after the fact, but you could also do that in a shader
Definitely makes me want to play with doing this sort of effect in Substance Designer. I haven't messed with altering baked maps that much, mostly tiling stuff.