Amir Mitchell

Amir Mitchell

@amitchell.bsky.social

Systems biologist trying to disentangle host-drug-microbiome interactions | PI at UMass medical school | hoping to keep the BS to a minimum (not always successful) https://mitchell-lab.umassmed.edu

701 followers267 following402 posts

Amir Mitchell reposted

Beautiful work (Petrungaro, Bollenbach lab) on evo trajectories toward abx resistance (E. coli). Goes beyond many other studies in its attention to the experimental setup (identical selective pressure across all lines). I strongly recommend reading the entire paper! www.nature.com/articles/s41...

nature.comFunction-specific epistasis shapes evolutionary trajectories towards antibiotic resistance - Nature CommunicationsAntibiotic resistance can evolve through the combination of factors but the predictability of this is unclear. Here, the authors used high-throughput evolution experiments to reveal that antibiotic re...

Our latest paper was just published. Will prepare a full thread very soon 🦠🧪🤖

Bioinformatics Advances@bioinfoadv.bsky.social

🧫 Just out in Bioinformatics Advances: "AssiST: Convolutional neural network for analysis of antibiotic susceptibility testing"  Read the full paper here:  https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbag063 Authors include: @carmenli.bsky.social, @amitchell.bsky.social

Our recent paper in npj Antimicrobials and Resistance is a great example of scientific serendipity: after staring at thousands of bacterial growth curves over many studies, we started wondering whether the curve shapes themselves carry mechanistic information 1/9 🦠🧪 www.nature.com/articles/s44...

nature.comPredicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics - npj Antimicrobials and Resistancenpj Antimicrobials and Resistance - Predicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics
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Btw, note that “inactivation” can mean more than enzymatic degradation and includes any process that reduces effective drug activity over time (chemical modification, sequestration, etc) 8/9

Our recent paper in npj Antimicrobials and Resistance is a great example of scientific serendipity: after staring at thousands of bacterial growth curves over many studies, we started wondering whether the curve shapes themselves carry mechanistic information 1/9 🦠🧪 www.nature.com/articles/s44...

nature.comPredicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics - npj Antimicrobials and Resistancenpj Antimicrobials and Resistance - Predicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics
View full thread

That pushed us to ask whether cellular defenses might impact curve profiles. We cloned different resistance cassettes and measured how they altered the potency-matched growth curves. This strongly hinted that active drug inactivation underlies a long-lag inhibition profile 6/9

We then tested if this assosiation holds through our entire dataset. We used a functional assay for drug inactivation on all drugs and found the association holds up. A long-lag inhibition phenotype is a strong indicator of drug inactivation 7/9

Our recent paper in npj Antimicrobials and Resistance is a great example of scientific serendipity: after staring at thousands of bacterial growth curves over many studies, we started wondering whether the curve shapes themselves carry mechanistic information 1/9 🦠🧪 www.nature.com/articles/s44...

nature.comPredicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics - npj Antimicrobials and Resistancenpj Antimicrobials and Resistance - Predicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics
View full thread

Clustering drug by their impact on lag/rate/yield clearly revealed that they vary hugely in how they inhibited growth. In extreme cases, a drug solely affected only a single parameter 4/9

Overlaying the known mechanisms of action over the barycentric landscape ruled out this effect stem exclusively from how drug target bacteria (since drugs with the same mechanism can land in very different regions of the landscape) 5/9

Our recent paper in npj Antimicrobials and Resistance is a great example of scientific serendipity: after staring at thousands of bacterial growth curves over many studies, we started wondering whether the curve shapes themselves carry mechanistic information 1/9 🦠🧪 www.nature.com/articles/s44...

nature.comPredicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics - npj Antimicrobials and Resistancenpj Antimicrobials and Resistance - Predicting drug inactivation by changes in bacterial growth dynamics

So we assembled a new carefully curated dataset with growth curves across almost forty drugs, measured across multiple sub-inhibitory concentrations. For each curve, we quantified intuitive its key features: lag, growth rate, and yield 2/9

To compare drugs fairly, we didn’t use an arbitrary concentration. Instead, we interpolated each drug to a potency-matched condition (the concentration expected to produce the same overall level of inhibition) 3/9

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Beyond providing (to our knowledge) the first dynamical model for tumor colonization, our study matters given the fierce debate on the tumor microbiome. These statistical “fingerprints” may help distinguish genuine colonizers from technical artifacts/contamination (possibly even by microscopy) (6/7)

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When we injected bacteria directly into the tumor (circumventing the bottleneck), we detected thousands of colonizing lineages, yet their sizes were still highly uneven (ruling out early tumor arrivers dominate) (4/7)

The surprise: lineage sizes formed a scale-free power law that matches Zipf’s law (rank–frequency slope ~−1). This signature was robust across dozens of tumors and multiple collection days post bacteria intratumor injection (5/7)

Main takeaways: Post systemic infection, there's a tight colonization bottleneck (per-cell colonization probability ~0.005%). Yet, once colonization happens, growth is remarkably fast (~50 min generation time) and bacterial load in tumors approaches saturation within a day (2/7)

Since we used genetically barcoded bacteria, we could also monitor growth of individual colonizers. We found that growth was extremely uneven with a handful of lineages becoming dominant (“winner-takes-most”) (3/7)

Great opportunity to participate in scientific outreach!

Mark O. Martin@markowenmartin.bsky.social

Starting to write to folks to consider appear on my #MattersMicrobial podcast. Would love an astrobiologist! Looking for other cool and #OMG #WTM microbial enthusiasts to appear. Happy to hear suggestions. I need to fill July and August.

Amir Mitchell reposted

Yo, micro/evo/qbio/physics of living systems/astrobiology/renegade cell bio folks- if you are interested in starting a feed, reply/repost this. Let's get the crew back together!

Sebastian S. Cocioba@atinygreencell.bsky.social

Would anyone be interested in starting a microbial evolution feed on here? EvoSky is rather organismal, which is great, but would love to see experimental evo folks' feeds too. Thoughts?

Beautiful detective work disentangling what is the actual trigger for cell death upon transcriptional arrest 🧪

Mike Lee@theleelab.bsky.social

We just posted a preprint about a death mechanism that we find truly surprising. When you turn off transcription, cells die (duh!)... but did you know this happens due to loss of Pol II itself, not loss of Pol II activity!?! preprint here and a thread (1/n): www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1... 🧪

The ability of LMMs (chatGPT here) to *assist* in generating useful code for biologists a mind-blowing power multiplier 🤯! My advice to biologists at all career stages: Learn to code, its a superpower 🦸‍♀️🦹‍♂️ (simple example, counting fluorescent colonies isolated from mouse gut microbiome) 🧪🦠

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I love this work since it a wonderful demonstration of (1) Serendipity in research – it started unexpectedly when we saw an active reporter even in non-contacting colonies and (2) it shows the power of simple experiments and quantitative microscopy (8/9)

Credit for this work goes to my former student Dr Emily Lowry. Emily literally submitted the revised version of this manuscript at the very last minute before leaving the lab 🥳 (9/9)

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Next, we monitored colibactin damage in separated colonies. This setup allowed us not only to validate contact independence, but also to accurately quantify how DNA-damage decays across distance (6/9)

Careful quantification revealed that the damage decay curves are identical in contacting and non-contacting colonies. Therefore, direct contact is not only not required, but it doesn’t even increase the level of toxicity beyond what is expected by proximity (7/9)

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We cloned a YFP DNA-damage reporter in E. coli and tested how far colibactin induced damage “travels” across a lawn of cells (we tagged secreters and responders with constitutive mCherry and CFP to tell them apart) (4/9)

Microscopy imaging revealed that DNA damage is observed even hundreds of microns (YFP halo) away from the secreter front (mCherry) suggesting that direct cell-cell is not needed for toxicity (5/9)

Colibactin is deeply studied in human cells due to its involvement in colorectal cancers, yet far less is known in the context of microbial communities. Our first study with @daganlab.bsky.social revealed self-inflicted DNA-damage in colibactin producers (2/9) genome.cshlp.org/content/earl...

genome.cshlp.orgColibactin leads to a bacteria-specific mutation pattern and self-inflicted DNA damage An international, peer-reviewed genome sciences journal featuring outstanding original research that offers novel insights into the biology of all organisms

Colibactin mode of delivery is still under debate, with common models claiming delivery requires direct cell-cell contact. While contact certainly improves toxicity (see great recent work by the Lars Vereecke lab), does it add anything beyond what is expected by proximity alone? (3/9)

Fantastic resource. Thanks for putting this together Georgia!

hey everyone! i made a list of some useful starter packs (primarily biology/earth sciences with a few bonus things thrown in) to share with friends who have joined bsky in the last week and thought it may be useful for some people here too! 🌍🧪 #SciSky #BioSky docs.google.com/document/d/1...

Very sobering (yet great) thread on the changing landscape of sci publishing. IMO, not all is lost, the arc of justice bends long, but eventually in the right direction - some publishers/journals will tarnish their reputation beyond repair (just like mdpi did)

Paolo Crosetto@paolocrosetto.bsky.social

The Economist covered our "Strain on scientific publishing" paper. What is this all about? We collectively churn out more & more papers *per scientist*, an increasing pace, in a rapidly changing publication landscape. Why? How? Want to make sense of this? 🧵 www.economist.com/science-and-...

Can’t believe we unlocked this level of the #AI hype - huge adds for @AnthropicAI in airports (Boston & Atlanta). Wonder what % of ppl even know what’s the product (<0.1% probably)