Alexander Terenin

Alexander Terenin

@avt.im

Decision-making under uncertainty, machine learning theory, artificial intelligence · anti-ideological · Assistant Research Professor, Cornell https://avt.im/ · https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EGKYdiwAAAAJ&sortby=pubdate

5.4K followers576 following174 posts

I wrote a long, detailed blog post on the state of AI and machine learning. The post's purpose is to sharpen my thinking and help ensure I work on the right things over the next few years. You might find parts of it interesting. Comments are welcome. avt.im/blog/where-a...

After a delayed flight and missing my first poster, I have officially arrived at NeurIPS! I’ll present another poster tomorrow at CDE 606 from 11-2. I’ll post more on this soon. If you’re interested in meeting up, let’s get in touch!

Alexander Terenin reposted

I am hiring a fully-funded #PhD in #ML to work at the University of Edinburgh on 𝐠𝐞𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 and 𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐲 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. Application deadline: 31 Dec '25. Starts May/Sep '26. Details in the reply. Pls RT and share with anyone interested!

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

So this sums up the work! If you followed along, thanks for the interest! I think you'd agree that "Bayesian Algorithms for Adversarial Online Learning: from Finite to Infinite Action Spaces" is a much better title than before. The old one was much harder to pronounce.

Check out the work at: arxiv.org/abs/2502.14790 And, again, shoutout to amazing coauthor Jeff Negrea! Working together has been a great pleasure! Stay tuned for follow-up: we've been working on using this viewpoint to understand other correlated perturbation-based algorithms.

arxiv.orgBayesian Algorithms for Adversarial Online Learning: from Finite to Infinite Action SpacesWe develop a form Thompson sampling for online learning under full feedback - also known as prediction with expert advice - where the learner's prior is defined over the space of an adversary's future...

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

We prove that the Bayesian approach works in this setting too. To achieve this, we develop a new probabilistic analysis of correlated Gaussian follow-the-perturbed-leader algorithms, of which ours is a special case. This has been an open challenge in the area.

The Bayesian viewpoint proves useful for developing this analysis. It allows us to guess what a good prior will be, and suggests ways to use probability as a tool to prove the algorithm works.

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

The first one is the classical discrete setting where standard algorithms such as exponential weights are studied. You can use a Gaussian prior which is independent across actions.

The second one is where X = [0,1]^d and Y is the space of bounded Lipschitz functions. Here, you can't use a prior with independence across actions. You need to share information between actions. We do this by using a Gaussian process, with correlations between actions.

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

This approach appears to not make any sense: the Bayesian model is completely fake. We're pretending to know a distribution for how the adversary will act in the future. But, in reality, they can do anything. And yet... we show that this works!

Okay, so we now know what "Bayesian Algorithms for Adversarial Online Learning" are. What about "from Finite to Infinite Action Spaces"? This covers the two settings we show the aforementioned results in.

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

One observation about adversarial online learning is that it appears to have nothing to do with Bayesian learning. There is a two-player zero-sum game, not a joint probability distribution. So you can't just solve it by applying Bayes' Rule. Or can you?

We show that this game secretly has a natural Bayesian strategy - one we show is strong. What's the strategy? It's really simple: - Place a prior distribution of what the adversary will do in the future - Condition on what the adversary has done - Sample from the posterior

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

Online learning is therefore a good model for learning to explore by taking random actions. In contrast to other approaches to resolving explore-exploit tradeoffs such as upper confidence bounds which produce purely deterministic strategies.

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

Specifically, their goal is to minimize regret R(p,q) = E_{x_t~p_t, y_t~q_t} \sup_{x\in X} \sum_{t=1}^T y_t(x) - \sum_{t=1}^T y_t(x_t). Meaning, the learner compares the sum of their rewards y_t(x_t) with the sum of y_t(x) for the best possible single non-time-dependent x.

So that's our setting. Why's it interesting? Because many other hard decision problems can be reduced to online learning, including certain forms of reinforcement learning (via decision-estimation coefficients), equilibrium computation (via no-regret dynamics), and others.

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

View full thread

"Adversarial Online Learning" refers to a two-player zero-sum repeated game between a learner and adversary. At each time point: - The learner chooses a distribution of predictions p_t over an action space X. - The adversary chooses a reward function y_t : X -> R.

The learner's goal is to achieve the highest rewards possible. But at each time, the adversary can choose a different reward function. So why is this game not impossible? Because the learner only compares how well they do with the *sum* of the adversary's previous rewards.

Paper update: our recent work on Thompson sampling has a shiny new - and I hope much better - name! This new name does much better job of emphasizing what we actually do. Joint work with Jeff Negrea. Thread below!

At ICML, we're presenting a paper on uncertainty-aware surface reconstruction! Compared to previous approaches, we are able to completely remove the need for recursive linear solves for reconstruction and interpolation, using geometric GP machinery. Check it out!

We've got a major update to our preprint on adversarial regret guarantees for Thompson sampling! As before, I think this is one of the most important projects I've worked on due to new algorithmic primitives that it - in principle - unlocks. Thread below on what's new!

View full thread

We obtain a very simple condition which relates the prior covariance kernel with the adversary's function class in an easy-to-verify way that works in the bounded Lipschitz case. I am very interested in extensions to more-general smoothness classes, and have ideas. Stay tuned!

We've got a major update to our preprint on adversarial regret guarantees for Thompson sampling! As before, I think this is one of the most important projects I've worked on due to new algorithmic primitives that it - in principle - unlocks. Thread below on what's new!

View full thread

Specifically, we have a novel probabilistic argument which bounds Hessian-type terms which appear in the regret analysis of Gaussian follow-the-perturbed-leader algorithms, of which Thompson sampling is a special case. Our argument works even with correlations!

This stands in contrast with prior arguments, which are linear-algebraic in flavor, involve bounding certain matrix norms by certain traces, and essentially-require independence in order to give sharp rates.

We've got a major update to our preprint on adversarial regret guarantees for Thompson sampling! As before, I think this is one of the most important projects I've worked on due to new algorithmic primitives that it - in principle - unlocks. Thread below on what's new!

View full thread

Using this viewpoint, we introduce a Thompson sampling variant with a Gaussian process prior, and prove an adversarial guarantee against a bounded Lipschitz adversary. So what's new? We now have an analysis that works in any dimension!

I'm really excited about this! We had previously submitted this work to COLT, but it got rejected primarily for having "not enough new algorithmic results". This is no longer a weakness of the paper. Our results in d>1 are all new! The argument to get them is new as well!

We've got a major update to our preprint on adversarial regret guarantees for Thompson sampling! As before, I think this is one of the most important projects I've worked on due to new algorithmic primitives that it - in principle - unlocks. Thread below on what's new!

View full thread

Let's first remember what this paper does: it gives a new way to think about designing algorithms for the so-called general-action-space online learning game - where a learner makes a prediction, and an adversary responds with a reward function in some class of possible rewards.

The usual algorithms for this problem are convex-analytic - mirror descent variants and similar. We develop a completely different looking, Bayesian way of thinking about what is going on - leading to Thompson sampling variants.

We've got a major update to our preprint on adversarial regret guarantees for Thompson sampling! As before, I think this is one of the most important projects I've worked on due to new algorithmic primitives that it - in principle - unlocks. Thread below on what's new!

But first, the previous announcement of this work, which describes in more detail what is going on and why I think it's important: bsky.app/profile/avt.... This work is joint with Jeff Negrea, who has been a great pleasure to collaborate with!

x.comx.com

New preprint! This is a hardcore technical paper on Thompson sampling - as a strategy for the so-called online learning game. I think it's one of the most long-term important things I have ever worked on due to what it makes possible. That needs explaining: thread below! arxiv.org/abs/2502.14790

We’d like to announce next week’s virtual seminar on Bayesian Decision-making and Uncertainty! Yingzhen Li (Imperial College London) On Modernising Sparse Gaussian Processes Sign-up link below!