Cell Host &amp; Microbe

Our October issue is now live! Get ‘wrapped’ up in this month’s exciting microbiology. www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comVIBRANT: A phase 1 randomized trial of multi-strain vaginal L. crispatus live biotherapeutic products in people with bacterial vaginosisIn this phase 1 randomized trial of women with bacterial vaginosis in South Africa and the United States, Potloane et al. show that a multi-strain vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus live biotherapeutic a...

Weekend revisit! VIBRANT: Phase 1 trial of multi-strain L. crispatus for BV Women w/bacterial vaginosis receiving multi-strain vaginal L. crispatus live biotherapeutic 3–7d post antibiotics showed vaginal colonization up to 12 wks, reducing recurrent BV www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comMicrobial inositol phosphates orchestrate host diurnal metabolism and energy homeostasis via HDAC3Zhang et al. show that gut microbial inositol phosphate metabolism transduces feeding cues into intestinal diurnal rhythms through histone deacetylase 3. This pathway activates PGC-1α and enhances nut...

Microbial-epigenetic-circadian axis orchestrates nutrient absorption Microbial inositol phosphates translate feeding time into diurnal rhythms via HDAC3, activating nutrient absorption--promoting growth during undernutrition & obesity upon overnutrition www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comA phage-encoded small RNA that mimics chimeric guide to inhibit CRISPR-Cas9Chen et al. identify rAcrIIA1, a phage-encoded chimeric crRNA-tracrRNA mimic that competitively blocks Cas9 guide loading and DNA interference. This reprogrammable RNA guide enables efficient genome e...

Phage small RNA mimics chimeric guide to inhibit CRISPR-Cas9 rAcrIIA1 is phage-encoded chimeric crRNA-tracrRNA mimic that blocks Cas9 guide loading & DNA interference. This reprogrammable RNA guide enables genome editing, gene silencing & diagnostics www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comDiscovery of phage defense systems through component modularity networksvan den Berg et al. show that the modular organization of bacterial immune systems can be exploited to discover phage defense systems. Their approach identifies three previously unknown systems in Pse...

Discovering phage defense systems through modularity networks Modular organization of bacterial immune systems is used to ID phage defense systems. 3 systems in P. aeruginosa reveal strategies against jumbo phages & RM-like system w/additional components www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comAkkermansia muciniphila attenuates macrophage efferocytosis to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancerJiang et al. show that Akkermansia muciniphila reshapes the tumor immune environment to overcome PD-1 resistance in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS CRC). Mechanistic studies and a phase 1...

Akkermansia enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy A. muciniphila attenuates macrophage efferocytosis to overcome PD-1 resistance in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (MSS CRC). Phase 1 trial supports microbiome modulation to improve immunotherapy in MSS CRC www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comAkkermansia muciniphila protects against endometritis through a tyrosol-mediated gut-uterus axisQu et al. show that the Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) protects against endometritis by promoting production of the microbial metabolite tyrosol, which reaches the uterus and suppresses inflammation. T...

Akkermansia protects against endometritis A.muciniphila protects against endometritis by driving tyrosol production, which reaches uterus & suppresses inflammation. Work reveals metabolite-mediated gut-uterus axis linking microbiota to reproductive health www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comGemella morbillorum promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through barrier disruption and invasion-dependent DNA damageMeyers, Medina Evora, Molina Tijeras, et al. show that the colorectal cancer-associated oral bacterium Gemella morbillorum (Gm) promotes tumor progression. Colonization of the colon by Gm increases in...

Gemella morbillorum promotes CRC Colonization of the colon by G. morbillorum increases intestinal permeability, enables epithelial cell invasion, reshapes host lipid metabolism & triggers DNA damage, collectively accelerating colorectal tumorigenesis www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comCandidozyma auris turns skin immunity to its advantageSkin colonization is central to Candidozyma auris success as a healthcare-associated pathogen. In a recent Science paper, Merrill et al. show that during skin colonization, C. auris occupies hair foll...

C. auris turns skin immunity to its advantage Preview of @science.org paper showing C. auris occupies hair follicles & exposes chitin, triggering IFN responses that remodel follicular keratinocytes to promote fungal persistence www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comA microbial chromatin remodeler drives gastric cancer progression and immune evasion by reprogramming the host epigenomeXie et al. reveal that Streptococcus anginosus promotes gastric immune evasion via extracellular vesicles that deliver a bacterial chromatin remodeler to host cells, co-opting TEAD1 to upregulate ZDHH...

Microbial chromatin remodeler drives cancer progression S.anginosus promotes gastric immune evasion via EVs delivering bacterial chromatin remodeler to host cells, co-opting TEAD1 to⬆️ZDHHC11 & stabilize PD-L1. Targeting axis potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comWhen microbial biofilms build kidney stonesQi et al. identify Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum-like bacteria as urinary pathobionts that promote calcium oxalate crystallization through two complementary mechanisms: degradation of the crystalli...

Preview: When microbial biofilms build kidney stones C. glucuronolyticum-like bacteria are urinary pathobionts that promote CaOx crystallization via (1) degradcrystallization inhibitor hippuric acid & (2) biofilm-mediated crystal aggregation www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comHippuric acid metabolism by Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum-like bacteria promotes calcium oxalate crystallizationQi et al. identify Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum-like (C. glucuronolyticum-like) bacteria enriched in the urine of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone patients and show that they promote CaOx crystallizat...

Bacteria promote kidney stones C. glucuronolyticum-like bacteria enriched in urine of calcium oxalate stone patients & promote CaOx crystallization via hippuric acid degradation & biofilm formation. Hippuric acid prevents bacteria-driven crystallization www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comProtein landscape of the chromatin domains in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparumProteins are major players in the regulation of chromatin organization, which is poorly characterized in organisms such as the malaria parasite. Ramon-Zamorano et al. provided a comprehensive characte...

Protein landscape of chromatin domains in Plasmodium Resource provides comprehensive characterization of chromatin-associated proteins in P. falciparum, revealing insights into parasite gene regulation, transmission & cell cycle control www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comDual sensing activates antiviral reverse transcriptase for membrane targetingXia et al. discovered that phage SSB/SSAP or NrdAB-mediated dGTP elevation activates DRT2 to synthesize a repetitive neo gene by rolling-circle reverse transcription. The resulting Neo protein depolar...

Dual sensing activates antiviral reverse transcriptase for membrane targeting Phage DNA binding proteins or dGTP activate DRT2 to synthesize repetitive neo gene by rolling-circle reverse transcription. Neo depolarizes bacterial membranes & induces death www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comA microbial signal rewires the adipose-ovary dialogueIn this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Chen et al. show that a gut microbial metabolite reprograms adipose ceramide metabolism to influence ovarian function. By placing adipose tissue between microbial...

Microbial signal rewires the adipose-ovary dialogue Preview of work showing gut microbial metabolite reprograms adipose ceramide metabolism to influence ovarian function. Reveals how inter-organ communication couples metabolic & ovarian dimensions of PCOS www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comMicrobial indole-3-acetamide alleviates polycystic ovary syndrome through HIF-2α-ceramide signalingChen et al. reveal that C. aerofaciens mitigates PCOS pathology through activation of the adipose HIF-2α-ceramide signaling pathway. C. aerofaciens activates this pathway through production of indole-...

Microbial IAM alleviates PCOS C. aerofaciens & metabolite indole-3-acetamide (IAM) mitigate polycystic ovary syndrome pathology via activating adipose HIF-2α-ceramide signaling. Probiotic strain producing IAM shows therapeutic efficacy in mouse PCOS model www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comAn enzyme-responsive nanoplatform rewires host-microbe tryptophan metabolism for cancer immunotherapyAn oral enzyme-responsive co-delivery nanoplatform is designed to achieve controlled release of tryptophan and the metabolism inhibitor NLG919, specifically in the large intestine. This design redirec...

Rewiring tryptophan metabolism for cancer immunotherapy Oral nanoplatform releases tryptophan & metabolism inhibitor. Redirects tryptophan toward immunostimulatory microbial indole pathway, blocks immunosuppressive kynurenine & elicits antitumor immunity www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comMutant KRAS favors a microbe that signals backTumor genetics and the microbiome both shape colorectal cancer, but their reciprocal interplay remains poorly defined. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Jiao et al. show that mutant KRAS favors Ba...

Mutant KRAS favors a microbe that signals back Preview of work examining interplay between tumor genetics & microbiome in CRC--showing mutant KRAS favors B. acidifaciens, which signals back through a SusF-ARHGEF2 axis to reinforce RAS-MAPK signaling www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comBacteroides acidifaciens enriched by KRAS mutation promotes colorectal tumorigenesisJiao et al. identify Bacteroides acidifaciens as a bacterial pathogen that accumulates in CRC patients and mice harboring oncogenic mutant KRAS. B. acidifaciens selectively promotes the tumorigenesis ...

Featured Article: KRAS rewires tumor microbiome Mutant KRAS reshapes intratumoral microbiome, enriching B. acidifaciens, whose SusF protein stabilizes ARHGEF2 to amplify KRAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signaling & tumorigenesis. Targeting SusF or ARHGEF2 blocked effects www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comEncrypting the message: Bacterium turns host RNA into a targetPathogenic bacteria are remarkably inventive when it comes to manipulating their hosts. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, McCaffrey et al. identify a previously uncharacterized bacterial effector ...

Encrypting the message: Bacterium turns host RNA into a target Preview of new work identifying bacterial effector from Legionella pneumophila that modifies not host proteins but messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to dampen the host inflammatory response www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comBacterial effector modifies host messenger RNA to promote virulenceMcCaffrey et al. describe the isolation of a secreted bacterial enzyme from Legionella pneumophila that mediates 8-oxo-guanine (oxo8G) modifications of host mRNAs to inhibit their expression. This stu...

Featured Article: Bacterial effector modifies host mRNA FadA from Legionella pneumophila binds host mRNAs & mediates 8-oxo-guanine (oxo8G) modifications that cause oxidative damage & inhibit translation, favoring bacterial replication/persistence www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comPleiotropic roles of microbial bile acid metabolism in intestinal health and diseasesQi et al. review advances in diverse microbe-mediated modifications of bile acids (BAs) and the development of AI-assisted pipelines for discovering metabolic reactions. They examine microbiota-BA int...

Pleiotropic roles of microbial bile acid metabolism in intestinal health & diseases Review on microbe-mediated modifications of BAs & AI-assisted pipelines for discovering metabolic reactions. Examination of BA functions &roadmap for BA-based therapeutics www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

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cell.comMolecular basis of 60 years of antigenic evolution of human influenza A(H3N2) virus neuraminidaseRosu et al. quantified and visualized the antigenic evolution of the N2 neuraminidase (NA) of human influenza A viruses from 1957 to 2020. The antigenic evolution of NA was found to be discordant with...

Weekend revisit: Molecular basis for 60 yrs of IAV NA evolution Examination of antigenic evolution of N2 neuraminidase of human influenza A viruses from 1957-2020 revealed key substitutions. NA evolution was found to be discordant w/that of hemagglutinin www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comWithin-host evolution and transmission of a human gut symbiont across ecological scalesVasquez et al. use high-resolution lineage tracking to follow tens of thousands of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron lineages in the mouse gut. They show that rapid evolution can overcome colonization resi...

Commensal evolution across ecological scales Tracking B. theta lineages reveals rapid evolution can overcome colonization resistance, enabling adaptive strains to spread between hosts. Community diversity reshapes evolutionary landscape w/out slowing evolution www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comNative pathogen-phage networks reveal multilayered defense and gut-active anti-phage immunityWang et al. map >1,000 interactions between Salmonella isolates and bacteriophages to measure the relative contributions of surface features and intracellular defense to phage resistance across a majo...

Salmonella-phage networks Profiling >1,000 global Salmonella-phage interactions reveals layered resistance & high contribution of surface architecture to defense. Discover AppA, which blocks phage DNA packaging via mimicry of terminase assembly interface www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comMyo-inositol metabolism counteracts mycotoxin hijacking and confers broad resistance to fungal diseases in cropsXia et al. reveal that the Fusarium mycotoxin DON hijacks host central metabolism through NAD+-dependent enzymes to promote disease and identify MIPS as a key safeguard that redirects myo-inositol met...

How Crops Turn the Tables on Fungal Toxins Fusarium mycotoxin DON hijacks NAD+dependent enzymes to promote disease. However, crops use MIPS to redirect myo-inositol metabolism & drive DON sequestration, maintaining metabolic homeostasis & conferring resistance www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

Cell Host & Microbe reposted

Duke Microbiome Center

@dukemicrobiome.bsky.social

Could a sugar molecule produced by a gut bacterium offer a viable alternative to GLP-1s? A new paper in @cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social sheds light on a previously unknown link between the gut microbiome and metabolism.

Duke University School of Medicine@dukemedschool.bsky.social

Neeraj Surana, MD, PhD, and Duke colleagues identified a new link between the gut microbiome and metabolism. Their research suggests a naturally occurring gut bacterium may help regulate energy expenditure and visceral fat. https://medschool.duke.edu/news/sweet-discovery-fight-obesity

medschool.duke.eduA sweet discovery to fight obesityNew research from Duke University School of Medicine points to a surprising possibility: a naturally occurring human gut bacterium produces a sugar molecule that helps obese mice increase energy expen...

cell.comThe female urogenital microbiome: Ecological insights, therapeutic strategies, and molecular mechanismsIn the urogenital tract, dominant lactobacilli shape vaginal immunity and community stability. In this review, Dillen and Dricot et al. integrate clinical and mechanistic evidence on their molecular s...

Weekend read! Female urogenital microbiome Sarah Lebeer & Co In urogenital tract, dominant lactobacilli shape vaginal immunity & community stability. Review examines molecular strategies & rational design of next-generation microbiome-based therapies www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comVeillonella intestinal colonization promotes C. difficile infection in Crohn’s diseaseYang et al. identify the oral commensal Veillonella as a key driver of Clostridioides difficile infection in Crohn’s disease. Veillonella promotes pathogen germination by disrupting bile acid recyclin...

One year ago--Veillonella promotes C. diff Oral commensal Veillonella promotes C. difficile germination by disrupting bile acid recycling. Veillonella LPS activates signaling to suppress BA transporter, preventing bile acid reabsorption www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comA commensal-derived sugar protects against obesity by regulating immunometabolismTan et al. identify a human commensal bacterium, Clostridium immunis—and its bioactive phosphocholine-modified exopolysaccharide (EPS)—that reduces visceral adiposity and weight gain in mice. By decre...

Commensal-derived sugar protects against obesity Clostridium immunis & its bioactive phosphocholine-modified exopolysaccharide (EPS) reduces visceral adiposity & weight gain. By decreasing IL-22 levels, EPS increases metabolic activity in visceral fat www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comEnterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage activation to facilitate persistent and polymicrobial wound infectionsda Silva et al. show that Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage NF-κB activation via MCT-1 and GPR81 signaling. This lactic-acid-driven immunosuppression promotes bacterial p...

18 Sept

Weekend revisit! E. faecalis lactic acid suppresses macrophages Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage NF-κB activation via MCT-1 & GPR81. This lactic-acid-driven immunosuppression promotes bacterial persistence & polymicrobial infection www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comDietary pectin remodels commensal bacterial surfaces to promote IgA-mediated protection from intestinal inflammationTang et al. reveal that dietary pectin drives Bacteroides uniformis surface remodeling to enrich the surface glycosphingolipid HexCer. Neutrophils sense this signal via CLEC4E to promote IgA productio...

18 Sept

Diet drives Bacteroides remodeling to promote IgA binding Pectin drives B. uniformis remodeling to enrich surface glycosphingolipid HexCer. Neutrophils sense signal to promote IgA production, which helps bacterium colonize gut & protects against colitis www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comHuman neutralizing antibodies targeting the measles virus hemagglutinin and fusion surface proteinsAcciani, Zyla et al. identify a panel of human monoclonal antibodies against measles virus surface proteins. These antibodies neutralize with picomolar potency, target conserved sites, broadly neutral...

16 Sept

Timely revisit! Abs power MMR efficacy against measles Measles-specific mAbs isolated from MMR vaccinee potently & broadly neutralize, target conserved sites & protect animals post exposure, opening means to prevent/treat measles as outbreaks re-emerge www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

14 Sept

cell.comThe rice circadian clock orchestrates the rhizosphere microbiome to synchronize nitrogen supply with plant demandEnhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is pivotal for sustainable agriculture yet constrained by spatiotemporal N mismatches. Du et al. find that the rice circadian clock orchestrates rhizosphere mic...

11 Sept

Rice circadian clock coordinates rhizosphere to optimize N acquisition Clock component Nhd1 drives rhythmic root exudation to regulate microbial Nitrogen turnover. SynC microbes matching rice Nhd1 rhythm enhance grain yield & N use efficacy www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

11 Sept

Bacteria promote CaOx stones C. glucuronolyticum-like bacteria enriched in urine of calcium oxalate stone patients & promote CaOx crystallization via hippuric acid degradation & biofilm formation. Hippuric acid prevents bacteria-driven crystallization www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comEngineering oral commensal nanovaccines to activate mucosal-systemic immune cascades against tumorDong et al. develop a bacteria-based oral biohybrid vaccine that induces mucosal immunity and drives a mucosa-periphery-tumor immune cascade. Combined with PD-1 blockade, this strategy enhances effect...

11 Sept

Oral commensal nanovaccines for tumor control Bacteria-based oral biohybrid vaccine induces mucosal immunity & drives a mucosa-periphery-tumor immune cascade. Combined w/PD-1 blockade, enhances immune cell trafficking, remodels distal TME & tumor control www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comPulling the strings: Endobacteria manipulate fungal mycotoxin productionIn an overlooked but common phenomenon, bacteria colonize fungi and change how the eukaryotic microbe inhabits niches. In this issue, Wei et al. present a comprehensive look at an endofungal bacterium...

Pulling the strings: Endobacteria manipulate fungal mycotoxin production Preview of work taking a comprehensive look at an endofungal bacterium, identifying a mechanism to change plant disease outcomes through antagonism of beneficial soil microbes. www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comBacterial endosymbionts enhance fungal virulence by disrupting the disease-suppressive rhizobiomeMany fungi harbor bacterial endosymbionts that impact fungal fitness. Zhou et al. demonstrate that bacterial endosymbionts indirectly enhance fungal pathogenicity through the targeted disruption of plant-beneficial microbiota. Bacterial endosymbionts stimulate the tomato Fusarium wilt pathogen to produce the cyclic hexadepsipeptide beauvericin, which selectively inhibits disease-suppressive rhizobacteria, thereby weakening microbiome-mediated disease suppression.

Endosymbionts boost fungi by disrupting rhizobiome Bacterial endosymbionts stimulate Fusarium wilt to produce cyclic hexadepsipeptide beauvericin, which inhibits disease-suppressive rhizobacteria, thereby weakening microbiome-mediated suppression www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comCell-type-specific activation of broadly perceived effector-triggered immunity restricts pathogen invasion in plantsChhillar et al. reveal that plant immunity is organized across leaf tissues through specialized cell-type programs. While a shared core immune program is broadly activated, individual cell types deplo...

Plant cell-type-specific immune activation Plant immunity is organized across leaf tissues through specialized cell-type programs. While a shared core program is broadly activated, individual cell types deploy distinct defenses that restrict pathogens www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comHolding the granuloma together: Fibroblasts contain mycobacterial infectionGenetic variation in leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) influences tuberculosis severity, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this issue, Hughes et al. identify LTA4H-dependent fibroblasts at t...

Holding the granuloma together: Fibroblasts contain mycobacterial infection Preview of work identifying LTA4H-dependent fibroblasts at the granuloma periphery that regulate eicosanoid signaling, thereby limiting mycobacterial dissemination www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comHost eicosanoid signals define a granuloma fibroblast population that coordinates mycobacterial containmentHughes et al. find that the TB susceptibility gene lta4h contributes to the recruitment and differentiation of a discrete set of fibroblasts that populate the periphery of mycobacterial granulomas in ...

Eicosanoids-Fibroblasts contain MTb TB susceptibility gene lta4h contributes to recruitment & differentiation of fibroblasts that populate periphery of mycobacterial granulomas. These eicosanoid-regulated fibroblasts help contain infection in granuloma www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comGabija restricts phage circularization and DNA replicationGabija acts early during phage infection, preventing phage genome circularization and replication. Phage DNA end-binding proteins prevent RecBCD loading onto linear DNA, and the absence of RecBCD lice...

Gabija restricts phage circularization & DNA replication Gabija prevents phage genome circularization & replication w/out impacting bacterial host. Exposed DNA ends & phage end-binding proteins license DNA targeting while RecBCD protects host from Gabija www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comGut commensal Bacteroides-derived pantothenic acid alleviates metabolic syndromeLuo et al. show microbial pantothenic acid (PA) is reduced in metabolic syndrome. Bacteroides fragilis-derived PA, produced through panC, sustains KLF4-associated epithelial differentiation through th...

Bacteroides PA alleviates metabolic syndrome Pantothenic acid (PA)⬇️in adults w/MetS. B. fragilis PA sustains KLF4-associated epithelial differentiation, strengthening gut barrier & alleviating MetS. Plant polysaccharide ⬆️Bacteroides to boost protection www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comInterferon family feud determines immunity to mycobacteriaThe immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection leverages the interferon system. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Fattinger and colleagues provide compelling evidence for a prev...

Interferon family feud determines immunity to mycobacteria Preview of work providing evidence for antagonism of type I interferons and interferon-γ as an important determinant of susceptibility against Mtb infection. www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comStrong, sustained type I IFN signaling acts cell intrinsically to impair IFNγ responses and cause tuberculosis susceptibilityFattinger et al. reveal how an antiviral immune response impairs antibacterial immunity and causes tuberculosis susceptibility. Upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, strong, sustained type ...

Type I IFN-IFNγ interplay increases MTb susceptibility Upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, strong, sustained type I IFN signaling cell intrinsically suppresses IFNγ responsiveness, thus rendering macrophages permissive to bacterial growth www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...

cell.comSwallowing the evidence: Oral microbes mark gut cancerOral bacteria are swallowed constantly but rarely dominate the gut. In this issue of Cell Host and Microbe, Jang et al. turn that leakage into a measurement, showing that mouth-to-gut transmission ris...

Swallowing the evidence: Oral microbes mark gut cancer Highlight of work showing that mouth-to-gut transmission of microbes rises specifically in gastrointestinal cancers and carries a diagnostic signal readable from saliva alone. www.cell.com/cell-host-mi...