Nature Reviews Immunology

Nature Reviews Immunology turns 25! 🎉 To celebrate this milestone, leading immunologists share their perspectives on the questions, challenges and opportunities that will shape the future of the field (free with registration) rdcu.be/WZoeqVqWqk3a #NRI25 #Immunology #SciencePublishing

dlvr.itAn epigenetic regulator that promotes NK cell functionNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 27 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01370-7A preprint by Kazane et al. reports a role for the histone methytransferase KMT2D in controlling the secretory function of natural killer cells.

46m

An epigenetic regulator that promotes NK cell function

Nature Reviews Immunology reposted

Eric Topol

@erictopol.bsky.social

7h

We're unable to measure our immune system status in the clinic. But that is about to change. Our @nature.com piece today. nature.com/articles/d41...

dlvr.itLAG3 checkpoint function and its mechanism of action in therapeutic targetingNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01359-2This Review explores how the immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) suppresses T cell activity through newly defined signalling mechanisms, including tonic and ligand-induced pathways. The Review highlights therapeutic advances, biomarker strategies and emerging opportunities to target LAG3 in cancer and autoimmune disease.

ICYMI: LAG3 checkpoint function and its mechanism of action in therapeutic targeting

dlvr.itMetastasizing cancer cells leave an immunogenic trailNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01366-3Metastasizing cancer cells release migrasomes containing tumour-specific antigens that can promote T cell responses.

ICYMI: Metastasizing cancer cells leave an immunogenic trail

dlvr.itLAG3 checkpoint function and its mechanism of action in therapeutic targetingNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01359-2This Review explores how the immune checkpoint receptor lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) suppresses T cell activity through newly defined signalling mechanisms, including tonic and ligand-induced pathways. The Review highlights therapeutic advances, biomarker strategies and emerging opportunities to target LAG3 in cancer and autoimmune disease.

LAG3 checkpoint function and its mechanism of action in therapeutic targeting

dlvr.itMetastasizing cancer cells leave an immunogenic trailNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 09 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01366-3Metastasizing cancer cells release migrasomes containing tumour-specific antigens that can promote T cell responses.

Metastasizing cancer cells leave an immunogenic trail

nature.comA guide to B cell metabolism - Nature Reviews ImmunologyMetabolic control is an integral component of B cell physiology, shaping fate decisions and effector functions, while also driving maladaptive programmes that contribute to diverse pathologies. This R...

📢New Review article by @yfy1.bsky.social, @sciencedad24.bsky.social, Christoph Hess & @ajclarke.bsky.social provides a comprehensive 'Guide to B cell metabolism' www.nature.com/articles/s41...

dlvr.itA guide to B cell metabolismNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01355-6Metabolic control is an integral component of B cell physiology, shaping fate decisions and effector functions, while also driving maladaptive programmes that contribute to diverse pathologies. This Review provides an overview of the current understanding of B cell metabolism in health and disease.

ICYMI: A guide to B cell metabolism

dlvr.itA guide to B cell metabolismNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01355-6Metabolic control is an integral component of B cell physiology, shaping fate decisions and effector functions, while also driving maladaptive programmes that contribute to diverse pathologies. This Review provides an overview of the current understanding of B cell metabolism in health and disease.

A guide to B cell metabolism

dlvr.itSympathetic nerve activity primes susceptibility to autoimmune hair lossNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 05 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01365-4A study in Nature by Cui et al. reports that sympathetic nerve activity during the growth phase of hair follicles activates endogenous retroviruses, leading to an innate immune response that destabilizes immune privilege.

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ICYMI: Sympathetic nerve activity primes susceptibility to autoimmune hair loss

dlvr.itSympathetic nerve activity primes susceptibility to autoimmune hair lossNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 05 October 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01365-4A study in Nature by Cui et al. reports that sympathetic nerve activity during the growth phase of hair follicles activates endogenous retroviruses, leading to an innate immune response that destabilizes immune privilege.

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Sympathetic nerve activity primes susceptibility to autoimmune hair loss

dlvr.itThe effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cellsNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01357-4In this Perspective, the authors use examples from evolution, animal models of disease and clinical results to explore how IFNγ, a quintessential antipathogen cytokine, also has a fundamental role in tissue homeostasis and organ function through its effects on non-haematopoietic structural cells.

3w

ICYMI: The effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cells

dlvr.it‘Trained’ sensory neurons drive allergic sensitizationNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 28 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01362-7A study in Immunity reports that protease allergens ‘train’ sensory neurons through metabolic remodelling to enhance the response to re-exposure.

ICYMI: ‘Trained’ sensory neurons drive allergic sensitization

dlvr.itThe effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cellsNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 29 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01357-4In this Perspective, the authors use examples from evolution, animal models of disease and clinical results to explore how IFNγ, a quintessential antipathogen cytokine, also has a fundamental role in tissue homeostasis and organ function through its effects on non-haematopoietic structural cells.

The effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cells

dlvr.itDrugging the immune system: principles of immunopharmacologyNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 28 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01361-8Immune-based therapies have transformed the treatment of cancer and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but treatment is often suboptimal and the ability to predictably harness the immune system for new therapies remains limited. The pharmacology of immune-based drugs may be distinct from that of many traditional therapies. Here, I outline four principles of ‘immunopharmacology’ that provide a framework for understanding how the immune system responds to therapeutic perturbation. These principles may help to better define how immune-based therapies work and identify new opportunities for drugging the immune system.

ICYMI: Drugging the immune system: principles of immunopharmacology

In this Comment article, @ejohnwherry.bsky.social outlines four principles of 'immunopharmacology' for understanding how the immune system responds to therapeutic perturbation. rdcu.be/et9Y2SBzcwHa

nature.com‘Trained’ sensory neurons drive allergic sensitization - Nature Reviews ImmunologyA study in Immunity reports that protease allergens ‘train’ sensory neurons through metabolic remodelling to enhance the response to re-exposure.

NEW Highlight of @cp-immunity.bsky.social paper by Xueping Zhu, @carriesokol.bsky.social et al. showing that protease allergens induce mTORC1 activation and mitochondrial remodelling in TRPV1+ peptidergic sensory neurons in the skin.

dlvr.it‘Trained’ sensory neurons drive allergic sensitizationNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 28 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01362-7A study in Immunity reports that protease allergens ‘train’ sensory neurons through metabolic remodelling to enhance the response to re-exposure.

‘Trained’ sensory neurons drive allergic sensitization

dlvr.itDrugging the immune system: principles of immunopharmacologyNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 28 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01361-8Immune-based therapies have transformed the treatment of cancer and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but treatment is often suboptimal and the ability to predictably harness the immune system for new therapies remains limited. The pharmacology of immune-based drugs may be distinct from that of many traditional therapies. Here, I outline four principles of ‘immunopharmacology’ that provide a framework for understanding how the immune system responds to therapeutic perturbation. These principles may help to better define how immune-based therapies work and identify new opportunities for drugging the immune system.

Drugging the immune system: principles of immunopharmacology

dlvr.itThe next big questions in immunologyNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 25 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01353-8As Nature Reviews Immunology marks its twenty-fifth anniversary, leading immunologists reflect on the questions, challenges and conditions that will shape the future of the field.

ICYMI: The next big questions in immunology

dlvr.itThe next big questions in immunologyNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 25 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01353-8As Nature Reviews Immunology marks its twenty-fifth anniversary, leading immunologists reflect on the questions, challenges and conditions that will shape the future of the field.

The next big questions in immunology

nature.comPlasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period - Nature Reviews ImmunologyImmune plasticity during the perinatal period enables mammalian offspring to successfully navigate the transition from prenatal, intrauterine life to postnatal, extrauterine life. This Review highligh...

22 Sept

A Review by @katrinkierdorf.bsky.social, Markus Sperandio, Mathias Hornef & @philipp359.bsky.social discusses how perinatal immunity is tailored to mediate the transition to postnatal life through a high degree of temporal plasticity.

Nature Reviews Immunology reposted

Fudi WANG 王福俤

@fudiwang.bsky.social

20 Sept

Thrilled our new review is published in @natrevimmunol.nature.com We dissect ferroptosis in T‑cells and summarize ferroptosis across immune cells. Open for collaborations. 🔗 Free to read full text: t.co/QyKcAh8jBc #ferroptosis #immunology #biometal #bioiron

dlvr.itPlasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal periodNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 18 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01354-7Immune plasticity during the perinatal period enables mammalian offspring to successfully navigate the transition from prenatal, intrauterine life to postnatal, extrauterine life. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of perinatal immune plasticity and the factors that modulate it, with implications for neonatal health and disease.

19 Sept

ICYMI: Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period

dlvr.itPlasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal periodNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 18 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01354-7Immune plasticity during the perinatal period enables mammalian offspring to successfully navigate the transition from prenatal, intrauterine life to postnatal, extrauterine life. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of perinatal immune plasticity and the factors that modulate it, with implications for neonatal health and disease.

18 Sept

Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period

dlvr.itImmunogenic cell death and tertiary lymphoid structures: bridging tumour cell death and immune organizationNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01356-5The formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) has been associated with better outcomes in patients with certain tumours. Here the authors discuss how immunogenic cell death can lead to the formation of TLSs and explain why this knowledge could help us design better cancer therapies.

17 Sept

ICYMI: Immunogenic cell death and tertiary lymphoid structures: bridging tumour cell death and immune organization

dlvr.itImmunogenic cell death and tertiary lymphoid structures: bridging tumour cell death and immune organizationNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 16 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01356-5The formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) has been associated with better outcomes in patients with certain tumours. Here the authors discuss how immunogenic cell death can lead to the formation of TLSs and explain why this knowledge could help us design better cancer therapies.

16 Sept

Immunogenic cell death and tertiary lymphoid structures: bridging tumour cell death and immune organization

dlvr.itInterleukin-33 and its receptor: multifaceted roles and emerging therapeutic potentialNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 02 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01345-8This Review summarizes our current understanding of the immunological roles of IL-33 and the IL-33 receptor, also known as ST2. The authors focus on the effects of IL-33 in different disease settings, including infections, cancer, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and allergy. They further discuss emerging clinical data from studies targeting IL-33 receptor signalling in disease.

3 Sept

ICYMI: Interleukin-33 and its receptor: multifaceted roles and emerging therapeutic potential

dlvr.itInterleukin-33 and its receptor: multifaceted roles and emerging therapeutic potentialNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 02 September 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01345-8This Review summarizes our current understanding of the immunological roles of IL-33 and the IL-33 receptor, also known as ST2. The authors focus on the effects of IL-33 in different disease settings, including infections, cancer, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and allergy. They further discuss emerging clinical data from studies targeting IL-33 receptor signalling in disease.

2 Sept

Interleukin-33 and its receptor: multifaceted roles and emerging therapeutic potential

Nature Reviews Immunology reposted

Neurology Mainz

@neurologymainz.bsky.social

28 Aug

In our latest review, out now in @natrevimmunol.nature.com, we extend the concept of excitotoxicity beyond glutamate receptor overactivation to include innate and adaptive immune pathways, introducing the framework of immune-mediated excitotoxicity.

Nature Reviews Immunology@natrevimmunol.nature.com

ICYMI: Immune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disorders

dlvr.itImmune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disordersNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01348-5Excessive glutamate receptor signalling contributes to central nervous system pathology in different neurological settings, including in epilepsy, Parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis. Here, the authors discuss the need to integrate the immune system along with glutamate-centric mechanisms as a core driver of excitotoxic pathology. They suggest that this concept of ‘immune-mediated excitotoxicity’ can help us develop better therapeutic interventions for various neurological conditions.

dlvr.itEpigenetic regulation of B cell tolerance and dysfunction in autoimmune diseaseNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01344-9Epigenetic programmes collectively orchestrate B cell development, activation, germinal centre responses and the maintenance of self-tolerance. This Review examines how layered epigenetic mechanisms govern normal B cell function and enforce self-tolerance, and how their dysregulation breaches successive tolerance checkpoints to drive autoreactive B cell emergence and autoantibody production in systemic autoimmune disease.

28 Aug

ICYMI: Epigenetic regulation of B cell tolerance and dysfunction in autoimmune disease

dlvr.itImmune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disordersNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01348-5Excessive glutamate receptor signalling contributes to central nervous system pathology in different neurological settings, including in epilepsy, Parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis. Here, the authors discuss the need to integrate the immune system along with glutamate-centric mechanisms as a core driver of excitotoxic pathology. They suggest that this concept of ‘immune-mediated excitotoxicity’ can help us develop better therapeutic interventions for various neurological conditions.

28 Aug

ICYMI: Immune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disorders

dlvr.itEpigenetic regulation of B cell tolerance and dysfunction in autoimmune diseaseNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01344-9Epigenetic programmes collectively orchestrate B cell development, activation, germinal centre responses and the maintenance of self-tolerance. This Review examines how layered epigenetic mechanisms govern normal B cell function and enforce self-tolerance, and how their dysregulation breaches successive tolerance checkpoints to drive autoreactive B cell emergence and autoantibody production in systemic autoimmune disease.

27 Aug

Epigenetic regulation of B cell tolerance and dysfunction in autoimmune disease

dlvr.itImmune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disordersNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 27 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01348-5Excessive glutamate receptor signalling contributes to central nervous system pathology in different neurological settings, including in epilepsy, Parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis. Here, the authors discuss the need to integrate the immune system along with glutamate-centric mechanisms as a core driver of excitotoxic pathology. They suggest that this concept of ‘immune-mediated excitotoxicity’ can help us develop better therapeutic interventions for various neurological conditions.

27 Aug

Immune-mediated excitotoxicity in brain disorders

nature.comDolly Parton dies aged 80 – researchers celebrate her contributions to scienceThe country singer was an advocate for vaccines, public health, literacy and marginalized communities.

26 Aug

Dolly Parton dies aged 80 – researchers celebrate her contributions to science www.nature.com/articles/d41... “I’m old enough to get it, and I’m smart enough to get it”, quipped Parton, before reworking her hit song ‘Jolene’ to include the words, “vaccine, vaccine, vaccine, vaccine..."

dlvr.itBeyond the quick win: rebuilding the foundations of cancer immunotherapyNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 25 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01352-9Checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells and bispecific T cell engagers have demonstrated the transformative potential of cancer immunotherapy. However, progress has slowed as efforts have focused on replicating PD-(L)1 blockade successes, highlighting the need for deeper understanding of human cancer immunity.

26 Aug

ICYMI: Beyond the quick win: rebuilding the foundations of cancer immunotherapy

dlvr.itCan immunology still surprise itself?Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 24 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01351-wThe discoveries that have transformed immunology often seem obvious in retrospect. Yet none began as an inevitable destination. They began with observations that did not fit, assumptions that somebody challenged, or questions that nobody yet realized were important. Discovery was the outcome. Surprise was the process.

25 Aug

ICYMI: Can immunology still surprise itself?

dlvr.itBeyond the quick win: rebuilding the foundations of cancer immunotherapyNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 25 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01352-9Checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells and bispecific T cell engagers have demonstrated the transformative potential of cancer immunotherapy. However, progress has slowed as efforts have focused on replicating PD-(L)1 blockade successes, highlighting the need for deeper understanding of human cancer immunity.

25 Aug

Beyond the quick win: rebuilding the foundations of cancer immunotherapy

dlvr.itCan immunology still surprise itself?Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 24 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01351-wThe discoveries that have transformed immunology often seem obvious in retrospect. Yet none began as an inevitable destination. They began with observations that did not fit, assumptions that somebody challenged, or questions that nobody yet realized were important. Discovery was the outcome. Surprise was the process.

24 Aug

Can immunology still surprise itself?

rdcu.beBuilding clinical translation on squares of discoveryNature Reviews Immunology - Why do so many promising immunotherapies fail to reach their potential? Adrian Hayday argues that transformative clinical advances depend on protecting specialized...

21 Aug

In this World View, Adrian Hayday discusses the importance of protecting the deep immersion within a subject that reveals unexpected opportunities. "History repeatedly shows that transformative discoveries usually arise from the margins, unstifled by prevailing assumptions and expectations. "

dlvr.itLiving in the age of inflammation: the reverse hygiene hypothesisNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 19 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01349-4Inflammation seems to permeate many aspects of our lives, with the incidence of inflammatory diseases on the rise and ageing being blamed on it. Will the next 25 years see better ways to treat or prevent inflammation and allow us to live longer and healthier lives?

20 Aug

ICYMI: Living in the age of inflammation: the reverse hygiene hypothesis

dlvr.itBuilding clinical translation on squares of discoveryNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 19 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01347-6Why do so many promising immunotherapies fail to reach their potential? Adrian Hayday argues that transformative clinical advances depend on protecting specialized ‘squares of discovery’ in which deep understanding and unexpected insights emerge, while building stronger pathways to biotechnology, pharmaceutical development and patient care.

20 Aug

ICYMI: Building clinical translation on squares of discovery

dlvr.itLiving in the age of inflammation: the reverse hygiene hypothesisNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 19 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01349-4Inflammation seems to permeate many aspects of our lives, with the incidence of inflammatory diseases on the rise and ageing being blamed on it. Will the next 25 years see better ways to treat or prevent inflammation and allow us to live longer and healthier lives?

Living in the age of inflammation: the reverse hygiene hypothesis

dlvr.itBuilding clinical translation on squares of discoveryNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 19 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01347-6Why do so many promising immunotherapies fail to reach their potential? Adrian Hayday argues that transformative clinical advances depend on protecting specialized ‘squares of discovery’ in which deep understanding and unexpected insights emerge, while building stronger pathways to biotechnology, pharmaceutical development and patient care.

Building clinical translation on squares of discovery

dlvr.itWhy adaptive immunity?Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 18 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01350-xAdaptive immunity is indispensable to vertebrates, yet most living organisms defend themselves perfectly well without it. Here, I ask why somatically diversified antigen recognition evolved and whether its original advantage extended beyond host defence.

ICYMI: Why adaptive immunity?

Nature Reviews Immunology reposted

Caetano Reis e Sousa

@reisesousalab.bsky.social

rdcu.beWhy adaptive immunity?Nature Reviews Immunology - Adaptive immunity is indispensable to vertebrates, yet most living organisms defend themselves perfectly well without it. Here, I ask why somatically diversified antigen...

Hope you enjoy this short piece, which came out yesterday. Some thoughts I’ve been musing on for a while about why adaptive immunity evolved. Read it for free at rdcu.be/fAO5P

Nature Reviews Immunology@natrevimmunol.nature.com

Why adaptive immunity?

dlvr.itWhy adaptive immunity?Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 18 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01350-xAdaptive immunity is indispensable to vertebrates, yet most living organisms defend themselves perfectly well without it. Here, I ask why somatically diversified antigen recognition evolved and whether its original advantage extended beyond host defence.

dlvr.itWhy adaptive immunity?Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 18 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01350-xAdaptive immunity is indispensable to vertebrates, yet most living organisms defend themselves perfectly well without it. Here, I ask why somatically diversified antigen recognition evolved and whether its original advantage extended beyond host defence.

18 Aug

Why adaptive immunity?

dlvr.itImmune surveillance and immune evasion of senescent cellsNature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 11 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01335-wThis Review outlines the context-dependent mechanisms that determine the immune surveillance or immune evasion of senescent cells and how targeting these immune-mediated pathways may prevent or treat senescence-related tissue dysfunction.

12 Aug

ICYMI: Immune surveillance and immune evasion of senescent cells