Nick Sullivan

Nick Sullivan

@nicksullivan.org

Asymmetries in action

977 followers883 following109 posts

We've extended the deadline by a week. You've got until 11 September. The submissions have been amazing so far, it should be a great event. You can choose whether we publish your paper or proposal in the proceedings or keep it for the in-person conversation. www.ietf.org/blog/iab-pq-...

ietf.orgPost-Quantum Authentication: Up NextPost-quantum key establishment has moved from standards into deployment. Post-quantum authentication has not moved nearly as far, and specification work is no longer the only constraint. The IAB is ho...
Nick Sullivan@nicksullivan.org

The IAB is running a workshop on deploying post-quantum authentication, the harder, lagging half of the PQ transition: certs, HSMs, identity, firmware & software signing. Prague, Oct 11–12, co-located with OpenSSL. CFP + how to submit (by Sep 4): datatracker.ietf.org/group/pqws/a...

Nick Sullivan reposted

Great news! Germ DM is now quantum secure! We’re deploying post-quantum cryptography (PQC) in 3.0.9, available today. 1/7

Germ Network@germnetwork.com

With 3.0.9, Germ DM is now quantum secure.

If you weren't aware, I had a small part in helping design TLS 1.3 back in the day. Today, I presented some new work at the TLS working group meeting in Vienna to upgrade its the key schedule from SHA-2 (the workhorse) to Keccak, the algorithm behind SHA-3. www.ietf.org/archive/id/d...

ietf.orgXOF-based key schedules for TLS 1.3TLS 1.3 runs its entire key schedule on HKDF over SHA-2. This document defines an extension that replaces that schedule with one built on an extendable-output function (XOF): the negotiated KDF gove...

This last call includes two documents: First: a generic combiners document that defines a general framework for combining supported by peer-reviewed research. Two combiners are defined: one universal, one optimized for KEMs with specific, strong binding properties. www.ietf.org/archive/id/d...

ietf.orgHybrid PQ/T Key Encapsulation MechanismsThis document defines generic constructions for hybrid Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEMs) based on combining a post-quantum (PQ) KEM with a traditional cryptographic component. Hybrid KEMs built usin...

It feels disingenuous to recognize the difference between an informational RFC published by the IETF and the Independent Submission stream, but not recognize the difference between standards track and informational RFCs. Is an RFC and RFC, or do you care about the Category: and Stream: at the top?

ECH is one of the most important privacy improvements happening in the web platform. But if we want it to work for the people most likely to face network interference, configuration delivery has to be treated as a first-class part of the problem.

The natural question is whether ECH configurations need to be tied so tightly to DNS. DNS currently handles both distribution and authentication. If those functions can be separated, ECH configs could be distributed through other paths and still verified.

Well-known endpoints, cached configurations, CDN distribution, key transparency mechanisms, and signed ECH configurations are all part of that design space. This is not a reason to give up on ECH. It is a reason to make ECH more deployable under pressure.

That matters for ECH because a censor does not need to break the TLS handshake if it can prevent the client from obtaining the ECH configuration in the first place. The failure happens before the privacy property turns on.

This is a recurring lesson of Internet security. Cryptography is necessary, but it is not the whole system. Discovery, distribution, caching, fallback behavior, and downgrade resistance are part of the security architecture too.

China is the clearest example. The Great Firewall has a long history of DNS injection and poisoning. Encrypted DNS changes the mechanics, but not the basic incentive to control the discovery path.

DNS-over-TLS can be blocked outright. DNS-over-HTTPS is harder to block cleanly because it runs over HTTPS, but it can still be identified and degraded. The result is often not a crisp failure. It is flakiness, temporary blocking, and users giving up.

Every lock needs a key. The hard part is not always designing the lock. Sometimes it is getting the key to the person who needs it. That is the problem I look at in the third post in my CDT series on Encrypted Client Hello. cdt.org/insights/dis...

cdt.orgDistributing the Keys for Private Access to the WebBreaking the DNS Dependencych-22" class="toc-anchor">ECH’s Catch-22thing-strange-in-the-dns" href="#something-strange-in-the-dns" class="toc-anchor">Something Strange in the DNS use it. That’s the fun...

ECH is designed to close one of the last major metadata leaks in HTTPS: the website name exposed in the TLS ClientHello. But before a browser can encrypt that part of the handshake, it needs the server’s ECH configuration.

Today, that configuration usually comes from DNS. In normal network conditions, that is a clean design. In censorship environments, it is an obvious pressure point.

I'm in Toronto discussing how websites can specify their preferences regarding how their content is used by search engines and AI crawlers. Here's what we have so far:

That is why signed ECH config updates are interesting. The goal is not just "more crypto." The goal is to remove the deployment constraint that created a stable fingerprint in the first place.

That meant protected traffic still had a cheap classification handle. In other words: ECH stopped sticking out at one layer, and started sticking out at another.

This is the deployment lesson: privacy is not just about cryptographic correctness. It is about operational indistinguishability too. Rollout paths, retry paths, and recovery paths all matter.

But real deployments still created a visible pattern. The issue was not the ECH extension. It was config update and recovery behavior, which pushed clients toward a common outer name in the clear.

ECH's design goal is "do not stick out." The basic idea is simple: if encrypted connections all look similar, it is harder to classify, monitor, and block them.

Nick Sullivan reposted

The room gets philosophical. Cryptography & Society chaired by Nick Sullivan ( @nicksullivan.org ): what is crypto hiding from itself? Security vs. interoperability? CRA policy? Proofs that aren't enough? And Nadim Kobeissi on teaching crypto in post-crisis Lebanon. #realworldcrypto

Encrypted Client Hello is now RFC 9849 This RFC defines an extension to Transport Layer Security that improves privacy for web users. Huge team effort and a win for the internet at large. Now to get deployment up... Some words I wrote about this for @cdt.org: cdt.org/insights/enc...

cdt.orgEncrypted Client Hello: Closing the SNI Metadata GapReferencesent-deployment-and-adoption" href="#current-deployment-and-adoption" class="toc-anchor">Current Deployment and Adoptionor">Trial by Firewall-security-systems" href="#adapting-network-securit...

I’m happy to be joining the USENIX Security ’26 Enigma organizing committee this year, after having the chance to speak at Enigma three times. It has a long history as a home for early, practice-driven security ideas, often where work first gets aired before it’s fully polished or widely deployed.

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Liquefaction is what happens when shaking meets saturated ground. The soil loses structure and behaves like liquid. Buildings sink. In software: unverified code + relentless velocity + strained review = a codebase that can't hold weight.

Software has eaten the world. Banks, hospitals, power grids, planes. If the ground liquefies, everything built on it sinks. We're not talking about bad code anymore. We're talking about infrastructure failure at scale.

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