Prof. Simon Carn

New issue of PAGES Magazine on 'Volcanic Impacts on Climate and Society' now available. Includes 16 articles that highlight how the study of past #volcanic #eruptions can help us anticipate the climatic and societal consequences of future volcanism. pastglobalchanges.org/publications...

5 Sept

Large #eruption of #Krakatau #volcano (#Indonesia) started at ~16:30 UTC on Sept 4, and is continuing as of 13:00 UTC on Sept 5. #NOAA-20 OMPS satellite data showing injection of ~0.2 Tg SO₂ into the upper troposphere by 06:50 UTC on Sep 5.

7 Sept

#NOAA-20 OMPS data on Sept 6 showed total SO₂ emissions from the #Krakatau eruption of ~0.3 Tg. On Sept 7, two distinct SO₂ clouds were visible - one (furthest W-SW) in the upper troposphere and the other at lower altitudes (which has been impacting operations at #Jakarta airport).

New submarine #volcanic #eruption in the Central Bismarck Sea (Papua New Guinea) at ~3ºS, 148ºE. Previous activity reported in this region in 1972. Plume breached ocean surface on May 9 at ~01:00 UTC; w/ small pumice raft. Animation shows MODIS/VIIRS imagery & thermal IR hotspots from May 9-12.

4 June

Shortwave infrared (SWIR) imagery from #Sentinel2 shows a raft of hot pumice around the #TitanRidge eruption site. Thermal anomalies have become more intense in recent days.

9 June

#Sentinel2 imagery on June 9 shows almost the entire southern coast of Manus Island (Papua New Guinea) impacted by pumice rafts from the ongoing #TitanRidge eruption. The pumice is affecting fishing grounds and reefs, and obstructing a key waterway to the north of the island (the Loniu Passage).

2 June

The #BismarckSea / #TitanRidge eruption continues as of June 2, producing a significant subaerial plume, high surface temperatures and discolored seawater. Pumice rafts are visible drifting west of the eruption site. Satellite imagery from #Himawari9 via @cira-csu.bsky.social.

4 June

#Sentinel2 images on June 4 show the #TitanRidge eruption site in detail. The subaerial plume is likely being generated as blocks of inflated magma float up from a seafloor vent & explode or interact with seawater at the surface. Images also show pumice enveloping islands in the N. #BismarckSea.

22 May

Another great #Sentinel2 capture of the region on May 22 shows that the eruption appears to have declined in vigor, but continues to generate pumice and discolored seawater. Thermal anomalies are also still present, indicating hot material at the surface in the vicinity of the eruption plumes.

22 May

High-res imagery from @fikgm.bsky.social shows giant pumice blocks at the surface on May 15. If such decameter-scale blocks are detaching from a submarine silicic lava flow, floating to the surface & fragmenting, they could be the origin of the observed thermal anomalies. bsky.app/profile/fikg...

Fumihiko Ikegami@fikgm.bsky.social

High-res footage of the Titan Ridge volcano eruption at the Bismarck Sea. A satellite imagery tasked by Fumihiko Ikegami. Captured by Gokturk-1. Delivered by @skyfi.bsky.social . Here we see two vents and numerous steaming meters-sized giant pumice blocks.

science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-...

21 May

science.nasa.govNew Eruption in the Bismarck Sea - NASA ScienceSatellite imagery shows a surge of new volcanic activity in the ocean near Papua New Guinea.

22 May

Clouds cleared over the #BismarckSea / #TitanRidge eruption on May 22, revealing the continued presence of two distinct plumes amid discolored seawater and scattered pumice rafts. Data from #Himawari9.

15 May

Found some photos of the #BismarckSea eruption posted on Facebook by a local fisherman. These were taken on May 13. www.facebook.com/share/p/1As8...

20 May

Spectacular aerial photo of the #BismarckSea eruption (provisionally named the Titan Ridge eruption by the Rabaul Volcano Observatory) on May 19. Recent satellite views have been cloudy, but the eruption appears to be continuing. Credit: Stanis Yohang (via Facebook) www.facebook.com/share/p/1HmL...

14 May

The #BismarckSea eruption continued on May 14, with new volcanic ash advisories issued by the Darwin VAAC. A #Landsat9 overpass on May 11 captured a raft of steaming volcanic deposits on the sea surface, with some material hot enough to be detected in the 2.2 µm short-wave IR band (shown in red).

15 May

Great #Sentinel-2 capture on May 15 showing the ongoing activity and pumice rafts carried downstream of the eruption site.

There was a cluster of significant earthquakes in this region on May 8-9 (Magnitudes 5-6). bsky.app/profile/geof...

GFZ Earthquake Alerts (GEOFON)@geofon.bsky.social

Magnitude : 5.0 Region: *Bismarck Sea* Time: 2026-05-08 12:38:39 UTC Epicenter : 148.00°E 3.08°S Depth: 10 km *First posted at: 12:49 UTC* https://geofon.gfz.de/eqexplorer/events/gfz2026iyzx/general #GEOFON #GFZ #earthquake #magnitude

Pumice raft (?) generation and onset of subaerial eruption plume in the Central Bismarck Sea captured by #Himawari-9 on May 8-9. @cira-csu.bsky.social

15 Jan

Four years since #Hunga #volcano (Tonga) unleashed one of the most explosive volcanic #eruptions ever observed, providing a new paradigm of submarine volcanism. Read all about the atmospheric impacts of the 2022 Hunga eruption in a new open-access report: juser.fz-juelich.de/record/1049154

6 Dec 2025

The final ~25 seconds of footage from the V3 webcam at #Kilauea #volcano, during Episode 38 of lava fountain activity. Courtesy of USGS. USGS feed: www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bqmp...

23 Nov 2025

An explosive #eruption of Hayli Gubbi #volcano, located SE of Erta'Ale in the Afar Rift (Ethiopia), began at ~08:30 UTC on Nov 23. Eruption onset was fortuitously captured by a @planet.com overpass at 08:31 UTC. Hayli Gubbi has no record of Holocene eruptions. Toulouse VAAC reporting ash to ~15 km.

23 Nov 2025

Sentinel-5P #TROPOMI measurements at ~11:00 UTC show most of the SO₂ emissions from #HayliGubbi spreading east in the upper troposphere. Plume contains ~44 kilotons of SO₂ (~0.04 Tg).

24 Nov 2025

New #TROPOMI data on Nov 24 show higher total SO₂ emissions from #HayliGubbi (~0.2 Tg SO₂). Measurements on Nov 23 were likely impacted by the dense volcanic ash plume. Most of the SO₂ is spreading rapidly east in the subtropical jet stream, over the Arabian Sea towards NW India and Pakistan.

19 Nov 2025

Some stunning footage of ongoing pyroclastic flow activity at Semeru #volcano (Java, Indonesia). Screen capture shows a lightning strike at ~16:07 UTC. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Txgr...

18 July 2025

Dispersion of #volcanic SO₂ from the latest #eruption on #Iceland's #Reykjanes peninsula (July 16), measured by the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI satellite instrument. SO₂ emissions have spread into north and west Iceland, impacting air quality (Icelandic Met Office). @esa.int

18 July 2025

Satellite measurements on July 18 show continued SO₂ emissions from the erupting fissure in #Iceland and dispersion of SO₂ over #Greenland and the #Arctic Ocean.

Prof. Simon Carn reposted

Casey Dreier

@caseydreier.bsky.social

1 May 2025

Today, we're launching a dedicated action hub for the crisis threatening NASA science. Find actions, latest news and up-to-date resources at: www.planetary.org/save-nasa-sc... #ProtectNASAScience

29 Apr 2025

Satellite imagery of nighttime lights using the NOAA-20/VIIRS Day/Night Band ('visible image at night') shows areas of Spain and Portugal still affected by power outages overnight on April 28-29. Images from NASA Worldview. @thenasaearth.bsky.social @noaa.gov

earthobservatory.nasa.govSwirling Skies and Melting IcebergsThe remote South Sandwich Islands can disrupt passing clouds in ways that shed alternating rows of cloud spirals.

21 Mar 2025

The world's youngest mountain glacier - Crater Glacier at Mount St. Helens #volcano (WA, USA) - formed in 1996 in the amphitheater produced by the May 1980 eruption. The glacier flows around lava domes erupted in 1980-86 and 2004-08. Photos taken in 2023. #WorldGlacierDay 🧪🌋

Prof. Simon Carn reposted

Santiago Gassó

@sangasso.bsky.social

17 Mar 2025

🧪🛰️ My colleague @simoncarn.bsky.social and I were consulted for this note by @avoiland.bsky.social to comment on volcanoes and clouds in the South Atlantic. A nice place to study aerosol-cloud interactions! (and other things of course) earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/15404...

adn.comA Mount Spurr eruption is ‘likely’ within weeks or months, scientists sayThe most probable scenario is an eruption similar to those in 1953 and 1992, each lasting hours and producing clouds of ash that circulated for hundreds of miles around Southcentral Alaska.

12 Mar 2025

When Spurr last erupted in 1992, volcanic ash & gas clouds (a potential aviation hazard) drifted south over the Pacific NW & Upper Midwest. A fully functional USGS & NOAA is needed to monitor such events & mitigate their impacts. NASA/NOAA satellite data also critical for tracking volcanic clouds.

Eric Holthaus@ericholthaus.com

The closest active volcano to Anchorage — Mount Spurr — is now expected to erupt within the next few weeks. Would be a great time to have a fully-staffed NOAA to help navigate the impacts of this likely disaster. www.adn.com/alaska-news/...

20 Jan 2025

Satellite imagery from @planet.com shows increased steaming in the summit caldera of Fentale volcano (Ethiopia) in the last week. Emissions appear confined to topographic lows - perhaps a meteorological effect (temperature inversion?). @davidmpyle.bsky.social @volckaren.bsky.social 🧪

19 Nov 2024

#Volcanic SO₂ plume from #Kanlaon #volcano captured and entrained by Super Typhoon #Man-yi (#Pepito) during its passage through the #Philippines. Data from the #geostationary GK-2B GEMS instrument.

11 Oct 2024

Evolution of colors in tonight’s #aurora over Hancock, #Michigan. @Upper Peninsula @NWSMarquette @TamithaSkov #northernlights #geomagneticstorm

8 Oct 2024

Overhead #aurora in Hancock, #Michigan tonight. #Auroraborealis #northernlights

23 Aug 2024

Another batch of #volcanic SO₂ en route to the #UK/#Ireland, courtesy of the latest #eruption on #Iceland's #Reykjanes peninsula. Might cause some local #AirQuality impacts in the coming days. @eddy_weather @ScottishEPA SO₂ data: @NOAA/@NASA @JPSSProgram #NOAA20-#OMPS

24 Aug 2024

Satellite data from @CopernicusEU #Sentinel5P #TROPOMI show a band of #volcanic SO₂ advancing over the NW #UK and #Ireland on Aug 24, behind a cold front. Observations of SO₂ over Europe are set to improve (-> hourly) with the upcoming launch of the #geostationary #Sentinel4.

4 June 2024

The largest #eruption on record of #Kanlaon/#Canlaon #volcano (#Philippines) on June 3 produced an upper tropospheric SO₂ cloud (~0.05 Tg SO₂), seen here from #geostationary orbit by #SouthKorea's UV #GK2B #GEMS sensor. @phivolcs_dost @News5PH @nababaha

5 June 2024

Longer sequence of hourly #GEMS data (daytime only) showing SO₂ emissions from the June 3 #Kanlaon #eruption. On June 5, the upper tropospheric SO₂ cloud was moving west over #SriLanka and S. #India, whilst SO₂ at lower altitudes is dispersing over the southern #Philippines.