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the programming language slash runtime environment for half the internet has apparently shipped with a big bad booboo such that anybody anywhere can just sashay up and hack the computer it's running on, and it has been sitting in this state for 14 years and nobody has noticed until now

note that this incident is completely distinct from a different one where a certificate authority in india fucked up the private keys on their signing certificates such that anybody anywhere can fake up such a certificate and start signing shit (and nobody noticed until now)

yup two so an ssl certificate (well, the key it contains) is the thing that encrypts web traffic but encryption is meaningless without authentication so you need some way to tie the certificate to the website which is done through a delegation chain of certificate authorities

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so alice root CA signs bob delegate CA who can then sign charlie's web server certificate, and your web browser only needs to bake in alice's certificate to determine if charlie dot biz is legitimate (assuming charlie also sends along bob's but that's a detail)

anyway that way not everybody has to go to alice to get their certificates signed; bob can take on some of that workload anyway anyway in this case some bob or other generated a bunch of signing certificates with goofed-up private keys, such that anybody can pretend to be bob and sign whatever key