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1/ If you target me with tariffs, that's bad for your consumers who have to pay more to buy my products, and it's bad for my producers who will probably sell you fewer things. For my government, the negative impact on your consumers is irrelevant unless it changes your behaviour.

One thing this ignores is the policy lever to really promote domestic production, which serves both short-term and long-term goals. As an example, I think Switzerland does a lot to subsidize domestic agriculture, through financial policy and cultural pressure. It insulates them from some of this.