Brian D. Wade

Brian D. Wade

@astrobrian.bsky.social

Father, husband, and scientist. Interested in astrobiology, evolution, microbes, and all things space exploration. he/him/his

1.3K followers1K following779 posts

Brian D. Wade reposted

Smoke signals in space 💨 The Fine Ring Nebula, shown here, looks like an almost perfect circular ring — yet most planetary nebulae are either spherical or elliptical in shape, or bipolar. Why this unusual shape? Find out: https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1131a/ 🔭 #flashback

Brian D. Wade reposted

doi.orgFrequency-dependent fitness effects are ubiquitous in rapidly adapting microbial populationsIn simple microbial populations, the fitness effects of selected mutations are typically assumed to be constant, regardless of mutant frequency. This assumption underpins predictions about evolutionar...
Joao Ascensao@joaoascensao.bsky.social

How common are frequency dependent fitness effects? New preprint out today 👇 doi.org/10.1101/2025...

doi.orgFrequency-dependent fitness effects are ubiquitousIn simple microbial populations, the fitness effects of most selected mutations are generally taken to be constant, independent of genotype frequency. This assumption underpins predictions about evolutionary dynamics, epistatic interactions, and the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations. Here, we systematically test this assumption using beneficial mutations from early generations of the Escherichia coli Long-Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE). Using flow cytometry-based competition assays, we find that frequency-dependent fitness effects are the norm rather than the exception, occurring in approximately 80\% of strain pairs tested. Most competitions exhibit negative frequency-dependence, where fitness advantages decline as mutant frequency increases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strength of frequency-dependence is predictable from invasion fitness measurements, with invasion fitness explaining approximately half of the biological variation in frequency-dependent slopes. Additionally, we observe violations of fitness transitivity in several strain combinations, indicating that competitive relationships cannot always be predicted from fitness relative to a single reference strain alone. Through high-resolution measurements of within-growth cycle dynamics, we show that simple resource competition explains a substantial portion of the frequency-dependence: when faster-growing genotypes dominate populations, they deplete shared resources more rapidly, reducing the time available for fitness differences to accumulate. Our results demonstrate that even in a simple model system designed to minimize ecological complexity, subtle ecological interactions between closely related genotypes create frequency-dependent selection that can fundamentally alter evolutionary dynamics. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

Brian D. Wade reposted

“Skeptical scrutiny is the means, in both science and religion, by which deep thoughts can be winnowed from deep nonsense.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“We’ve arranged a global civilization in which most crucial elements profoundly depend on science and technology. We have also arranged things so that almost no one understands science and technology. This is a prescription for disaster.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“Our loyalties are to the species and the planet. We speak for Earth.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

A day late, but this is one of the first images taken of Earth from space. Ever. It was acquired from an altitude of 105 km (five times higher than the previous record) eighty years ago, on 24 October 1946, with a 35 mm camera mounted on a V-2 rocket launched from the White Sands Missile Range.

Brian D. Wade reposted

“Who are we? We find that we live on an insignificant planet of a humdrum star lost between two spiral arms in the outskirts of a galaxy.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“The suppression of uncomfortable ideas may be common in religion and politics, but it is not the path to knowledge.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“If we long to believe that the stars rise and set for us, that we are the reason there is a Universe, does science do us a disservice in deflating our conceits?” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“It has been said that astronomy is a humbling and character-building experience.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“There is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us from ourselves.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“Writing is perhaps the greatest of human inventions, binding together people who never knew each other, citizens of distant epochs. Books break the shackles of time.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“The universe is not required to be in perfect harmony with human ambition.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

This is stellar nursery N159, a region of star formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud, by JWST. Its colours are seasonally appropriate, as is the fact that with so many stars forming here, and thus so many planets, *one* of them is bound to develop some sort of cosmic horror on it.

Brian D. Wade reposted

“Who is more humble? The scientist who looks at the universe with an open mind and accepts whatever the universe has to teach us, or somebody who says everything in this book must be considered the literal truth?” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

When galaxies collide, their stars usually don't! 🤯 Stars are separated by enormous distances, so most pass right by each other. But mutual gravity during a collision warps the galaxies’ shapes, and their gas clouds *can* collide and potentially trigger new star formation. 🔭🧪

Brian D. Wade reposted

“I have a foreboding of an America in my children’s or grandchildren’s time [...] when the people have lost the ability to set their own agendas or knowledgeably question those in authority.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

We’re recruiting! Six PhD studentships are open with AstrobiologyOU at The Open University, exploring astrobiology, planetary science, extreme environments, icy worlds and habitability. 📅 Apply by 6 January 2027 Find out more: buff.ly/IJrLOXn #PhD #Astrobiology

Brian D. Wade reposted

Brian D. Wade reposted

Take a moment to think about what this image shows. That's a glint of sunlight, reflecting off a lake of liquid ethane and methane, on a moon that's larger than Mercury where the average surface temperature is –180°C, orbiting a giant ringed planet 1.4 billion kilometres away.

Brian D. Wade reposted

A cosmic blast 💥 Known as the Crab Nebula, this object is the remnant of a supernova explosion observed almost 1,000 years ago, in the year 1054. Inside it, a neutron star is spinning 30 times per second around its axis. Discover more: https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso9948f/ 🔭 #flashback

Brian D. Wade reposted

Brian D. Wade reposted

The Anthropocene is widely used without fixed definition. In this Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Perspective article the authors identify 1952, marked by a sharp increase in plutonium from nuclear tests, as a key point for defining the Anthropocene. go.nature.com/4i0IdFX 🌍🧪

Brian D. Wade reposted

Brian D. Wade reposted

This object is one of the three BlackGEM telescopes hosted at our La Silla Observatory.  Its mission? To help detectors such as LIGO and Virgo to pinpoint powerful gravitational-wave events, like neutron star and black hole mergers. Discover how: https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw2642a/ 🔭 🧪

Brian D. Wade reposted

“The cosmos is also within us. We’re made of star stuff. We are a way for the cosmos to know itself.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

“For me, it is far better to grasp the Universe as it really is than to persist in delusion, however satisfying and reassuring.” ― Carl Sagan

Brian D. Wade reposted

It's possible that, at some point in the past, Venus had oceans. If it did, and if we were somehow able to see it in the night sky, it wouldn't be its familiar cream colour. It would be blue.

Brian D. Wade reposted

1/ How do cells divide when they're stuck in something squishy? Most of what we know about the cell cycle comes from yeast in liquid or on flat plates, but in nature they live in dough, mucus, soil and tissue. This new paper asks what that does to division. Love this one!

Brian D. Wade reposted

1/ There are a ton of cool papers coming out on evolutionary transitions in individuality right now! Here are five recent ones I've really enjoyed, spanning Snowball Earth, volvocine algae, plasmids that fuse into a new individual, the relatives of animals, and... water kefir