Kieran Didi

Kieran Didi

@kdidi.bsky.social

🧪 Research Scientist @nvidia and PhD student @Oxford staring at proteins all-day 🧑‍💻 Website/Blog: https://kdidi.netlify.app/ 🤖 GitHub: https://github.com/kierandidi 📚 Prev. Cambridge/Heidelberg

1.2K followers206 following41 posts

It has also been exciting to see Protein-Complexa used in emerging agentic biology workflows—from work at Anthropic and Muni Bio to Levin Harness and the BioNeMo Agent Toolkit (and many others!) SOTA open models can become infrastructure for accelerating science! 4/n

We are continuing to push Proteina-Complexa and similar models and collaborating with the research community to show the impact of these models on how science can be done, stay tuned and reach out if you have interesting problems you want to tackle! 5/5

Our wet-lab validation campaign for Proteina-Complexa is now on bioRxiv! It includes some new exciting experimental results, from large protein structures (fully codesigned!) to functional carbohydrate binders. biorxiv.org/content/10.6... Thread with some of the additions 🧵1/n

biorxiv.orgLatent generative search unlocks de novo design of untapped biomolecular interactions at scaleDe novo protein design has advanced rapidly, yet designing binders to polar, solvent-exposed epitopes and small, flexible ligands remains challenging. Such hydrated surfaces and flexible molecules, in...

Sampling temperature gives us a useful dial: low temperature produces stable codesigns, higher temperature yields native-like structures. With collaborators in Munich/Leipzig, we pushed this to an 800-aa codesign—and obtained a crystal structure that closely matches the design! 2/n

With colleagues at Cambridge, we tested our carbohydrate binders in cell-agglutination assays, closer to their intended use case. Several binders showed specificity for A antigen, B antigen, or both - all of them useful behavior for the application. 3/n

Fast MSAs are coming to nucleic acids! Riboseek has been super helpful for some of my own work, very excited to see what people do with this cool new tool! Amazing collaboration as always with @milot.bsky.social @martinsteinegger.bsky.social and co, led by @sukhwanpark.bsky.social!

Martin Steinegger 🇺🇦@martinsteinegger.bsky.social

Riboseek is a fast RNA/DNA search. More sensitive than nhmmer at 250x speed. Structure-aware realignment produces MSAs approaching rMSA quality. Plus 1.7M precomputed RNA MSAs, and an API to search your own 📄 www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6... 💾 github.com/steineggerla... 🌐 search.foldseek.com/riboseek

Kieran Didi reposted

My lab was lucky to be able to help test Proteina-Complexa binders experimentally. We were blown away by the results. Congrats to our colleagues at NVIDIA!

Kieran Didi@kdidi.bsky.social

📢 We’re launching Proteina-Complexa — and after the Jensen keynote mention, we definitely had to post this thread now ;) Atomistic binder design with generative pretraining + test-time compute, plus large-scale wet-lab validation. Project page: research.nvidia.com/labs/genair/... 🧵 1/n

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Also checkout the great post from @karstenkreis.bsky.social about our work! bsky.app/profile/kars...

Karsten Kreis@karstenkreis.bsky.social

📢📢 Proteina-Complexa 📢📢 Atomistic Binder Design with Generative Pretraining and Test-Time Compute + Experimental Validation at Scale ⭐️ Project page (research.nvidia.com/labs/genair/...) for: 📜 Method paper (ICLR' 2026 Oral) 🧬 Wet lab paper 🛠️ Code & Models 📁 Data 🧵 Thread (1/n)

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Case study 5/5: first fully de novo Carbohydrate binders We target blood-group B antigen and got a a 21% hit rate. Massive shoutout to my long-term enzyme collaborator @mattpenner.bsky.social at Cambridge for powering this through, excited about what codesign will unlock for enzymes! 17/n

The whole Proteina effort started more than 2 years ago when Arash Vahdat believed in me and my two partners in crime Tomas Geffner and @karstenkreis.bsky.social to start this crazy protein thing at NVIDIA, unreal to see how far we have come since then as a field. 18/n

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Case study 3/5: Targeting Kinases (PAK1 + CK1δ) with peptide binders Across mini-protein and short-peptide regimes (<31 aa peptides and 49–74 aa mini-binders), we observed strong hit rates on difficult target sites. 15/n

Case study 4/5: Nipah virus In the Adaptyv binder competition setting, Proteina-Complexa produced a nanomolar binder (56 nM) to NiV-G, targeting a recessed receptor-binding site. We also show how to go beyond partial diffusion and perform joint sequence-structure redesign 16/n

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Case study 2/5: ActRIIA, a target for GLP-1 associated muscle wasting We designed de novo binders that block myostatin signaling in cells. Tightest binder reached KD = 36 nM, with functional downstream inhibition. 14/n

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Massive campaign: ~1M designed candidates screened across 127 diverse/challenging targets with all-to-all binding readouts. We solve more than 2/3 of the targets given a very limited compute budget and often quite challenging hotspots and crops 11/n

As part of this campaign, we also ran a the biggest head-to-head wetlab comparison of design methods ever. Proteina-Complexa outperformed baselines in this setting. My personal highlight: we are the only method where codesign shines, outperforming MPNN for the first time! 12/n

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Quantitatively, these inference-time scaling strategies outperform prior hallucination-based methods under normalized compute budgets as well as other generative models, setting a new SOTA in in-silico binder design. 9/n

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One of my highlights: because search is reward-guided, we can optimize for biophysical objectives during generation - including interface hydrogen-bond terms that promote denser interaction networks. With MLFF improvements being rapid, this becomes more and more powerful! 8/n

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We then combine the strengths of generative models with optimisation methods like hallucination. We call the inference recipe latent generative search: combine a learned generative prior with search at test time to steer toward better binders. 5/n

In practice, this means scaling inference-time compute using strategies like beam search, MCTS, and Feynman–Kac steering to improve candidate quality and physical plausibility. Force field metrics, interaction energies, folding scores, you choose you reward! 6/n

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Proteina-Complexa is a generative binder design framework that supports diverse targets: single-chain proteins, multi-chain complexes, and small-molecule binding contexts. 3/n

Core design choice: - joint sequence-structure generation in a partially latent atomistic framework (building on La-Proteina). - No discrete sequence tokenization loop. - No mandatory post hoc inverse-folding redesign step, the first codesign model that outperforms MPNN! 4/n

Two papers, one story: 1) ICLR 2026 Oral: method + core modeling advances 2) Experimental validation: large-scale wet-lab evidence across many targets and campaigns Let’s start with the method paper. 2/n

Too many REPA / RAE / representation alignment papers lately? I was lost too, so I wrote a blog post that organizes the space into phases and zooms in on what actually matters for general/molecular ML. Curious what folks think - link below! 🔗 Blog: kdidi.netlify.app/blog/ml/2025...

kdidi.netlify.appThe unification of representation learning and generative modellingA deep dive into the convergence of discriminative and generative AI, covering 4 phases of evolution from REPA to RAE and beyond.

Kieran Didi reposted

Kieran Didi reposted

MMseqs2-GPU sets new standards in single query search speed, allows near instant search of big databases, scales to multiple GPUs and is fast beyond VRAM. It enables ColabFold MSA generation in seconds and sub-second Foldseek search against AFDB50. 1/n 📄 www.nature.com/articles/s41... 💿 mmseqs.com

nature.comGPU-accelerated homology search with MMseqs2 - Nature MethodsGraphics processing unit-accelerated MMseqs2 offers tremendous speedups for homology retrieval from metagenomic databases, query-centered multiple sequence alignment generation for structure predictio...
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For more details read the thread by the man himself: bsky.app/profile/ncor...

Nate Corley@ncorley.bsky.social

(1/7) Training biomolecular foundation models shouldn't be so hard. And open-source structure prediction is important. So today we're releasing two software packages: AtomWorks and RosettaFold3 (RF3) [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670328v2](www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...)

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`atomworks.ml` on the other hand offers advanced dataset featurization and sampling for deep learning workflows, all operating on the canonical AtomArray object from @biotite_python so that all transforms are traceable and generalizable between models. 4/6

The preprint shows how atomworks leads to better reference conformers (and better predictions!), enables advanced features in RF3 like chirality-aware training or ligand templating and narrows the performance gap to closed-source models. 5/6

In the past, every BioML model had its own data pipeline, creating loads of overhead. With AtomWorks, >80% of code is shared between models like ProteinMPNN, RF3 or design models. 2/6

AtomWorks has two main components: atomworks.io takes a file (cif, sdf, ...) and does parsing, cleaning and more. You can also look at your structures in a notebook or via PyMol thanks to pymol-remote, so you can directly inspect if your code does what you want! 3/6

Kieran Didi reposted

(1/7) Training biomolecular foundation models shouldn't be so hard. And open-source structure prediction is important. So today we're releasing two software packages: AtomWorks and RosettaFold3 (RF3) [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670328v2](www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...)

biorxiv.orgAccelerating Biomolecular Modeling with AtomWorks and RF3Deep learning methods trained on protein structure databases have revolutionized biomolecular structure prediction, but developing and training new models remains a considerable challenge. To facilita...

Very excited about our latest all-atom generative model proteina, check out the project page (research.nvidia.com/labs/genair/...) and stay tuned for the code release soon!

research.nvidia.comLa-Proteina: Atomistic Protein Generation via Partially Latent Flow MatchingLa-Proteina: Atomistic Protein Generation via Partially Latent Flow Matching
Kevin K. Yang 楊凱筌@kevinkaichuang.bsky.social

Partially-latent flow matching enables sequence-structure codesign of large proteins and functional motif scaffolding. @kdidi.bsky.social @machine.learning.bio @karstenkreis.bsky.social @arashv.bsky.social arxiv.org/html/2507.09...

Excited to present my first paper officially as a PhD student now as an ICLR Oral this week! Super fun work with the GenAIR team at NVIDIA. Talk: Fr 10:54 - 11:06 (Oral Session 3B, Garnet 213-215) Poster: Fr 15:00-17:30 (Hall 3 + Hall 2B #5) Come by the poster/reach out to chat

Such a fun project to work on with a stellar team! Stay tuned for other things to come here, and see you all in Singapore!

Karsten Kreis@karstenkreis.bsky.social

📢📢 "Proteina: Scaling Flow-based Protein Structure Generative Models" #ICLR2025 (Oral Presentation) 🔥 Project page: research.nvidia.com/labs/genair/... 📜 Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2503.00710 🛠️ Code and weights: github.com/NVIDIA-Digit... 🧵Details in thread... (1/n)

Kieran Didi reposted

Yet another story of issues with benchmarks and evaluations in ML4bio + a much stronger and fair benchmark #bioMLeval

briantrippe.bsky.social@briantrippe.bsky.social

🔥 Benchmark Alert! MotifBench sets a new standard for evaluating protein design methods in motif scaffolding. Why does this matter? Reproducibility & fair comparison have been lacking—until now. Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2502.12479 | Repo: github.com/blt2114/Moti... A thread ⬇️

Have a look at our shiny new benchmark for motif-scaffolding in computational protein design! New (and harder) tasks, including a reproducible evaluation pipeline

briantrippe.bsky.social@briantrippe.bsky.social

🔥 Benchmark Alert! MotifBench sets a new standard for evaluating protein design methods in motif scaffolding. Why does this matter? Reproducibility & fair comparison have been lacking—until now. Paper: arxiv.org/abs/2502.12479 | Repo: github.com/blt2114/Moti... A thread ⬇️

Kieran Didi reposted

This! Also well put in this editorial in PLOS Comp Biol: Putting benchmarks in their rightful place: The heart of computational biology doi.org/10.1371/jour...

Joe Greener@jgreener64.bsky.social

I have a lot of time for benchmarking studies that don't try to sell a new method as well, it increases the credibility of the results. The thought of installing 55 pieces of bioinformatics software fills me with dread. (3/4)

Kieran Didi reposted

Thanks Jascha 🫶 We’re working hard to create sustainable funding mechanisms for open source scientific tooling - understanding the challenge landscape is a key first step!

Jascha Achterberg@achterbrain.bsky.social

Rory @rory.bio is working on a large project to accelerate science 🧪 through high-quality & open-source software. To steer the project it would be amazing to hear from scientists across fields about problems in the scientific process *you* want to see solved! Tell Rory here flywhl-ideas.notion.site