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this is not true. there was no conspiracy. it didn't matter whether the streetcars were publicly owned (seattle, detroit) or private (los angeles, atlanta). a thread (because i wrote a whole-ass book on this): 1/?

David Ho@davidho.bsky.social

Is everyone aware of the General Motors streetcar conspiracy? In the mid-20th century, auto and oil interests bought up electric streetcar systems across the US and systematically replaced them with bus routes and paved roads, funneling commuters toward private cars.

in general, public transport before world war II was generally privately owned. it was a business, like railroads had been since the start of the industrial age. nobody liked the privately owned monopolies that owned public transit. 2/

basically, these monopolies dominated metro areas, because they weren't just the transport monopoly. in la, oakland and miami, the train company was the biggest real estate developer. in atlanta, new jersey and new orleans, they were the power company. 3/

these monopolies were hilariously corrupt as well, and they had few friends. henry huntington (of LA's red cars), or charles yerkes (of the chicago eleveated) were as detested as bezos and zuckerberg were today. 4/

the trains got a serious challenge from cars in the early 20th century. and by the end of world war II, the train systems were worn out and needed massive government investment to survive. but because the transit companies were shitty monopolies, nobody wanted to help them out! 5/

in many cases, the train company was _also_ the bus company! the pacific electric railway in LA also owned the motor transit company, which ran the region's buses. 6/

But to get back to how badly the trains needed upgrades, let's compare like with like. Here's a sample trip from Downtown LA to Culver City. - LA Metro E line (2026): 30 minutes - Motor Transit Co. bus (1948): 39 minutes - Pacific Electric Railway (1948): 43 minutes 7/

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This looks like the perfect place to drop the 1928 Pacific Electric schedule book, which includes buses!

alex davis@alexdavistransit.bsky.social

This weekend, I visited the Pacific Railroad Society in San Dimas. In their vast archives, I found a 1928 Pacific Electric schedule book with every bus and rail line in the system. Rick here graciously let me photograph every single page so I could share it with you. Enjoy!

On top of that, the new, shiny buses often had A/C, and the streetcars only had fans. The first air-conditioned bus was introduced in 1946. The first air-conditioned streetcars weren't introduced until 1976. 8/

Put yourselves in the shoes of passengers. Given the choice between a new bus with A/C and an old streetcar without A/C... this is a no-brainer. 9/

each transit agency makes their own decisions about purchasing, so the phase-in was gradual. long distance buses started having them in the late 1930s. for city buses, san antonio was the first big city to buy them, in the '40s. nyc didn't buy them until 1956. it was a long process.

All of this is to say, GM was picking the bones of the dying streetcar companies. Think vultures, not eagles. And when we talk about the GM conspiracy charges... GM-affiliated National City Lines actually kept streetcars running longer than peer systems. 10/

what was the typical ownership structure of the new bus companies? were they, as now, public, or were they straightforward commercial enterprises established to compete with the decaying rail offerings? in what ways was regulation a factor in their rise? how else can I avoid buying your book? 😆

What's GMs incentive to act like a vulture? I'm under the impression they're in a competitive growing market at that point, why throw money into something that's dying? (I guess I don't know how "general" the motors are...)

Fare rates were in most cases regulated by the state governments. Nickel fares were standard until the late 20s or 30s on many systems This is a fictional fare increase chart but follows on average what happened in California across major operators

I keep coming back to John Gunther’s INSIDE USA - and how excited people in postwar America were to see the public infrastructure of highways knocking down those corporate fatcats in the railroad offices!

AC was an option on coach buses pre war. We didn’t see it on GM old look city buses until 58 and really it was more a new look option for both GM and Flxible with its 59 and 60 introduction respectively There was still US agencies not ordering AC on local city buses in the early 2000s

do you have a source for that? carrier (the a/c company) proudly proclaims that they provided the air conditioning for the world's first air-conditioned city bus in 1946.

ok must have been something else making the AC on that generation of cars work as badly as the sliding plug doors that eventually had to be replaced with bifolds those LRVs SUCKED

Not that this is a conspiracy, but a lot of the reason the streetcars got so slow was because of cars clogging up the streets. They largely weren't grade-separated, because they hadn't needed to be. Individual people take up a lot less room than cars!