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I can see where the confusion comes in. In certain fields (eg history) searching for written material eg in an archive, is described as research. But in science, research requires doing actual stuff like experimentation/trials and statistical analysis etc. A different word would be useful.

I love people that want to do research! I encourage the students I work with to get involved in research early. That means reading peer-reviewed literature first and foremost.

Maybe reminding republicans it would cause more sick days for major corporations & a drop their profits. It doesn’t seem like reminding them their voters will be the ones getting sick from voting for rfk jr. & those like him are good enough reason to vote him down.

Sorry- should have been clear: I was joking. I am aware that RFK’s buddy wants the polio vax pulled bc they didn’t test it against a placebo. Which is just dumb- but I would suggest that next time RFKs buddy has a raging infection, we give him a placebo rather than antibiotics just to test.

One thing we don't see here is what happens when former polio patients get older and their issues in polio re-emerge. One of my best friends had polio as a child and spent a year in an iron lung. As she got older, she kept getting pneumonia and died in her late 60's of sepsis. I still miss her.

Hey but the only thing the media care about is Mitch McConnell saying the vaccine was not a bad thing. Scientific voices are to be ignored. Republican primitive brain worms are all that count.

Russell England @russellengland.bsky.social

And unfortunately Cases of pertussis (whooping cough) are increasing due to vaccine hesitancy From @ronfrench27.bsky.social for @bridgemichigan.bsky.social "Whooping cough cases skyrocket in Michigan, as vaccinations decline" "Highest in 20 years in Michigan" "Can be deadly to infants"

In 1850, Henry David Thoreau wrote “Some circumstantial evidence is very strong, as when you find a trout in the milk.” referring to evidence that a milk company was diluting milk with river water.

Does anyone know what generated the increased number of cases after WWII? I'm sure somebody does, just striking. (For all I know, it could have been simply better epidemiology.)

Another factor is increased cleanliness in infants. If you got polio while very young when you had vertical transfer of immunity from breastfeeding you would have less severe cases. As infants were kept cleaner you changed the timing of exposure leading to more severe cases of polio.

The adventures of public health is that when you solve 1 problem you usually discover another. There were a lot of infants that didn't make it without formula and then you discover a new issue. Public Health's work will never end, it just changes who needs help and why.

Swimming pools would be a major factor. Polio is fecal-oral transmission and a person with polio in a pool with low or no chlorine would contaminate the pool and infect others. There were spikes during the summers. Polio prevention works with keeping drinking water clean and vaccination.

so that'd help explain the continued growth in numbers as community investment, middle income expansion, and suburbanization begin... Cool, thanks.

I plotted whooping cough on a log scale a few years back. You can tell when the vaccine was introduced and also when the kooks stopped believing in them, around when Reagan was in office.

That spike is most likely 1915-16. The first world war was raging, and Polio epidemics were happening everywhere in Europe and The US. New York City's being a better doccumented case with 2000+ deaths. People were moving from Europe to the US and vice versa so the disease could spread easily

Part of me thinks “just let them all get sick, they made the choice” then I remember their illnesses will impact those who make sensible decisions such causing overcrowded hospitals and public health services.

I would love for you or someone at the Post to do a story on Members of Congress who have smallpox vaccine scars and those that don't. That's another direct dividing line. I have one - I was in the last cohort of children required to get a smallpox vaccine for school.

The truly horrible thing is this - to follow their Dear Leader and be faithful to the MAGA cult, these people would sacrifice the health of their children - possibly being paralyzed or worse (death). The rest of the educated world will continue vaccinate.

Though I would have found that chart absolutely conclusive during my former career as a physician, in my current career as the Republican Senator From Kansas Who Lives in Florida, I find it to be nothing more than propaganda to serve the Left's grand conspiracy to save American lives.

Lame & shitty, btw. Though Polio is well known for its neuromuscular effects, this only affected near 1% of the people. While 70% got diarrhoea from Polio. One of the reasons it took while to get the proper working vaccine, since most people remembered it as just feeling uncomfortable for a bit.

I said, “something you likely don’t have to worry about because nearly everyone in the world, with much effort, got vaccinated and Smallpox, a terrible disease that killed millions, went extinct, much like Polio”. Then she asked, “what is Polio?”.

5. BLUF: If we ask the wrong questions, we will inevitably get the wrong answers! Vaccines have contributed greatly to reduced childhood mortality & the decline in communicable diseases as major drivers of human morbidity & mortality.

4. Data Quality Act - introduced on behalf of industry lobbyists (e.g. The Salt Institute) & has subsequently been used by big business to challenge all types of Federal legislation targeting the environment, drug manufacturer regulation, dietary recommendations, & potential carcinogen exposure.

2. There are NO clinical interventions without some finite risk (even aspirin), but the risk-benefit calculus for vaccines - at both the individual & public health levels - is overwhelmingly & unambiguously in favor of vaccination.

For those who have personally witnessed childhood exanthems (e.g. measles) in unvaccinated adults or have overseen the inexorable clinical demise of otherwise stable subjects during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic, this is NOT an abstract concept or a simple, sterile statistical exercise.

I remember the turning point. It was as dramatic as the Covid vaccine rollout, where it suddenly felt like there was some possibility of life after the virus.