"National Black-white racial income disparities have changed little over the past 50 years. But this national stasis masks dramatic change at the local level. In 1969, inequality was greatest in the South, and lowest (although still substantial) in the industrial Midwest. Today, the reverse is true"

journals.uchicago.eduShift, Not Stasis: The Geography of Post–Civil Rights Racial Inequality1 | American Journal of Sociology: Vol 132, No 1National Black-white racial income disparities have changed little over the past 50 years. But this national stasis masks dramatic change at the local level. In 1969, inequality was greatest in the South, and lowest (although still substantial) in the industrial Midwest. Today, the reverse is true: Black-white inequality is lower in the South than in the rest of the country, and highest in the Midwest and Northeast. The metropolitan characteristics associated with local inequality have also changed, in ways consistent with theoretical accounts of the post–Civil Rights racial regime. In the 1960s and ’70s, inequality was greater in places with larger Black populations and smaller manufacturing industries, but today neither factor is significantly associated with local inequality. Meanwhile, residential segregation, educational inequality, and incarceration, which were not strongly associated with racial income inequality in 1969, are significant predictors of disparities in the 21st century.