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We tested how voters define the "working class" by asking about popular fictional characters. Voters agree most on defining Homer Simpson (+56), Fran Fine (+46), Peter Griffin (+46), and Hank Hill (+45) as working class.

Data for Progress@dataforprogress.org

NEW: Academics and pollsters often use college education to define the "working class." But how do voters actually apply the term? We find that voters typically consider someone’s level of workforce participation, economic situation, and job type to define the working class.

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The Office finished airing in 2013. Friends aired until 2004. The Nanny went off the air in 1999. Is there a reason that we're polling people on who they thought was working class 15 to 30 years ago?

Roseanne's an interesting case in the original (I didn't watch any post-90s episodes), because for most of its run Dan owns a drywall business or a motorcycle shop, so he's an OWNER and not a worker, but the family's still broke all the time because his businesses aren't particularly successful

It is kind of interesting that we have a dearth of shows in which people in roughly the modern day on Earth have jobs. Like, I would say that the main cast of The Pitt is working class, and Jack Reacher is an odd case that's hard to classify, but we don't seem to do shows about just folks anymore.

The Pitt is an interesting example, because as the Chief of Emergency Medicine, Dr. Robby almost certainly makes about $500k a year and most people would not call that "Working Class." The nurses are probably in the $70-100k range, and the residents less while they're in training.

Could've used characters from Abbott Elementary, The Bear, Brooklyn 99, Superstore, Schitts Creek, New Girl, etc etc. It's a very weird framing for a poll. Even Ted Lasso could have some characters that would throw a curveball (are very rich athletes "working class"?)

TBH, there's a good chance a lot of the responders were like "...oh, it's about a nanny, she must be working class". *Dr* Meredith Grey probably got the opposite because she's listed as being a doctor.

My favorite part of polls like this is the "definitely" answers that are definitely 100% wrong. The blend of ignorance and overconfidence is just such an American thing.

I mean I think that's the confusion the survey is trying to get at. Liz Lemon is a workaholic but she's also a successful TV producer who owns the IP of a successful (and renewed for 7+ years) TV show and it's probable she doesn't *have* to work as hard as she does, she could retire at any time

Walter White starts as working class but then becomes a small business owner selling drugs and goes in and out of states of employment with Gus Fring and the cartel

And Peter Griffin works as a beer factory staff at some times but it is heavily suggested that he essentially does not need to because his wife is the heir to an old money fortune, so it's more cosplay for him

I mean, that’s basically how Marx and Engels defined it, so… 🤷🏻‍♂️ “[The bourgeoisie] has converted the physician, the lawyer, the priest, the poet, the man of science, into its paid wage labourers….Thus the proletariat is recruited from all classes of the population.”

Lorelei Gilmore owns her inn/hotel & Phoebe owns her massage business. Both are petit bougious, with Lorelei being clearly bougious since she goes to her parents for money every other episode.

Lorelai is probably the toughest one on the list. She’s been poor at some point, depending on the season she is either an employee or a business owner, and she has easy access to old money with extreme wealth

The Gilmores fit fairly well in the 19th century concepts that Marx used. They are bourgeois, people who get to be boss because they control business. Lorelai is petite bourgeois, a boss who has to work alongside their employees. Lorelai genuinely stuck in the working class would be too grim

does Phoebe have a job? Don, Hank, and to an extent Walter White own the businesses where they work. Leslie, Liz Lemon, and Michael Scott are somewhat in management, Meredith Grey and Lorelei Gilmore have significant family wealth.

Hank does not become an owner/manager until *next* season, as in literally this season they ended on that note & change. Hank is only guilty of being able to do the "American dream" of one full-time working parent b/c of the time frame he was able to do it in (sorry for spoilers to any who cared)

Hank actually doesn’t own the business and didn’t go to college so I do kind of see the confusion, even though he’s obviously a perfectly comfortable middle class guy to me (and I think would self-identify as such), and in the revival is probably actually fairly wealthy

> Academics and pollsters often use college education to define the "Working class" They do? Anyways, Homer, Don Draper and Dr. Grey are Working class Hank Hill and Walter White are Petit Bourgeois Leslie Knope and Micheal Scott are managerial class Peter Griffin is a trophy husband to old money

It’s surprising that Michael Scott ranks so high as working class. He’s a manager of regional sales team, classic petit bourgeois. I suspect Michael Scott’s boorishness & hustle marks him as working class, kind of the same way Trump gets painted as the people’s billionaire.